Table 3.
Mean cardiac rehabilitation barrier scores (± standard deviation) by rurality and socioeconomic status
| Barriers | Rural (n = 215; 11.9%) | Urban (n = 1592; 88.0%) | Low SES (n = 726; 40.1%) | High SES (n = 905; 50.0%) | Total (N = 1809) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Travel |
2.38 ± 1.19 |
2.29 ± 1.31 |
2.19 ± 1.18 |
2.42 ± 1.39 |
2.31 ± 1.30 |
| I already exercise at home or in my community |
3.01 ± 1.37 |
2.84 ± 1.43 |
2.91 ± 1.38 |
2.85 ± 1.45 |
2.86 ± 1.42 |
| Work responsibilities |
2.47 ± 1.35 |
2.19 ± 1.27 |
2.27 ± 1.26 |
2.20 ± 1.31 |
2.22 ± 1.28 |
| Time constraints |
2.41 ± 1.27 |
2.10 ± 1.21 |
2.15 ± 1.19 |
2.15 ± 1.25 |
2.14 ± 1.22 |
| Severe weather |
2.55 ± 1.32* |
2.16 ± 1.29 |
2.38 ± 1.34* |
2.05 ± 1.25 |
2.21 ± 1.30 |
| Other health problems prevent me from going |
2.24 ± 1.27 |
2.11 ± 1.26 |
2.23 ± 1.29 |
2.01 ± 1.20 |
2.13 ± 1.27 |
| I find exercise tiring or painful |
2.47 ± 1.34 |
2.17 ± 1.23 |
2.33 ± 1.27* |
2.08 ± 1.20 |
2.20 ± 1.25 |
| Distance |
2.91 ± 1.49* |
2.21 ± 1.38 |
2.50 ± 1.46* |
2.13 ± 1.35 |
2.30 ± 1.42 |
| Family responsibilities |
2.31 ± 1.13* |
1.94 ± 1.15 |
2.10 ± 1.17 |
1.89 ± 1.13 |
1.98 ± 1.15 |
| Cost |
2.63 ± 1.45* |
2.11 ± 1.30 |
2.38 ± 1.37* |
1.98 ± 1.25 |
2.18 ± 1.33 |
| I don’t have the energy |
2.38 ± 1.31 |
2.07 ± 1.18 |
2.24 ± 1.24* |
1.97 ± 1.13 |
2.11 ± 1.20 |
| Transportation problems |
2.48 ± 1.41* |
1.96 ± 1.67 |
2.24 ± 1.26* |
1.82 ± 1.12 |
2.02 ± 1.21 |
| I prefer to take care of my health alone |
2.37 ± 1.24 |
2.11 ± 1.21 |
2.22 ± 1.19 |
2.08 ± 1.22 |
2.14 ± 1.21 |
| It took too long to get referred and into the program |
2.21 ± 1.20 |
1.88 ± 1.07 |
2.08 ± 1.14* |
1.77 ± 0.99 |
1.92 ± 1.09 |
| I can manage on my own |
2.15 ± 1.08 |
2.03 ± 1.13 |
2.11 ± 1.12 |
1.99 ± 1.10 |
2.05 ± 1.12 |
| I don’t need CR |
2.22 ± 1.26 |
2.17 ± 1.27 |
2.23 ± 1.27 |
2.12 ± 1.25 |
2.18 ± 1.27 |
| Many people with heart problems don’t go to CR and they are fine |
2.14 ± 1.10 |
1.89 ± 1.02 |
2.06 ± 1.07* |
1.82 ± 0.99 |
1.92 ± 1.03 |
| My doctor didn’t feel it was necessary |
2.07 ± 1.08 |
2.03 ± 1.18 |
2.13 ± 1.18 |
1.93 ± 1.13 |
2.04 ± 1.17 |
| I am too old |
1.85 ± 0.96 |
1.72 ± 0.94 |
1.86 ± 0.98* |
1.63 ± 0.89 |
1.74 ± 0.95 |
| I think I was referred but the rehab program didn’t contact me |
2.01 ± 1.14 |
1.80 ± 1.05 |
1.97 ± 1.11* |
1.70 ± 1.00 |
1.82 ± 1.06 |
| I didn’t know about CR | 2.36 ± 1.40 | 2.13 ± 1.40 | 2.33 ± 1.44* | 1.99 ± 1.34 | 2.16 ± 1.40 |
*p < .002 for rural versus urban or high versus low SES comparison.
SES socioeconomic status, CR cardiac rehabilitation.