Table 3.
Prevalence of chronic developmental health conditions in the NEC and matched control groups between 6–12 and 24–36 months of follow-up
|
Age: 6–12 Months |
|
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Chronic Conditions |
Controls |
Medical NEC |
Surgical NEC |
Adjusted odds ratio‡ |
Adjusted odds ratio‡ |
|
(N = 2,109) |
(N = 141) |
(N = 62) |
(95% CI) |
(95% CI) |
|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | Medical NEC vs. Controls | Surgical NEC vs. Controls | |
|
BPD |
98 (5%) |
19 (14%) |
16 (26%) |
3 (1.8 – 5.6)** |
4 (2–7)** |
|
Malabsorption syndrome† |
13 (1%) |
2 (1%) |
13 (21%) |
2.3 (0.5 – 10) |
47 (19–116)** |
|
Failure to thrive |
132 (6%) |
22 (16%) |
18 (29%) |
3 (1.7 – 5)** |
4 (2–6)** |
|
NDD |
168 (8%) |
21 (15%) |
16 (26%) |
1.9 (1.2 – 3.2)** |
2.4 (1.4 – 4.5)** |
|
Cerebral palsy |
17 (1%) |
3 (2%) |
2 (3%) |
2.6 (0.7 – 9) |
2.3 (0.5 – 10.8) |
|
GI artificial openings present |
42 (2%) |
9 (6%) |
15 (24%) |
3.2 (1.5 – 6.9)** |
9 (5–21)** |
|
Metabolic disturbances§ |
58 (3%) |
5 (4%) |
8 (13%) |
1.2 (0.5 – 3) |
4.8 (2.1 – 10.7)** |
|
Feeding difficulties |
33 (2%) |
8 (6%) |
14 (23%) |
4 (1.7 – 8.4)** |
11 (5.2 – 21.8)** |
|
Age: 24–36 Months |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chronic Conditions |
Controls |
Medical NEC |
Surgical NEC |
Adjusted odds ratio‡ |
Adjusted odds ratio‡ |
|
(N = 951) |
(N= 70) |
(N = 35) |
(95% CI) |
(95% CI) |
|
| |
n (%) |
n (%) |
n (%) |
Medical NEC vs. Controls |
Surgical NEC vs. Controls |
|
BPD |
14 (1%) |
4 (6%) |
5 (14%) |
4.6 (1.4 – 15)** |
5.5 (2–16)** |
|
Malabsorption syndrome† |
4 (0.4 %) |
0 (0%) |
7 (20%) |
- |
62 (15–249)** |
|
Failure to thrive |
97 (10%) |
6 (9%) |
11 (31%) |
0.8 (0.3 – 2) |
3 (1.3 - 6)* |
|
NDD |
133 (14%) |
13 (19%) |
13 (37%) |
1.5 (0.8 – 2.9) |
2.6 (1.2 – 5.6)* |
|
Cerebral palsy |
35 (4%) |
1 (1%) |
4 (11%) |
0.4 (0.05 – 3) |
2.1 (0.7 – 6.4) |
|
GI artificial openings present |
35 (4%) |
4 (6%) |
10 (29%) |
1.8 (0.6 – 5.3) |
6 (3–14)** |
|
Metabolic disturbances§ |
29 (3%) |
3 (4%) |
4 (11%) |
1.4 (0.4 – 5) |
3.4 (1.1 -10)* |
| Feeding difficulties | 19 (2%) | 3 (4%) | 4 (11%) | 2.4 (0.7 – 9) | 4 (1.2 - 13)* |
BPD Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, ELBW extremely low birth weight, GI gastrointestinal, NDD Neurodevelopmental delay.
**p<0.01 and *p<0.05.
‡Odds ratios were obtained after adjusting for extremely low birth weight status using Mantel-Haenszel chi-squared tests.
†Malabsorption syndrome includes post-surgical non-absorption (ICD-9 579.3 commonly used to code for short bowel syndrome) and other unspecified intestinal malabsorption (ICD-9 579.9).
§Metabolic disturbances include disorders of amino acid, carbohydrate, lipid and mineral metabolism, etc. (ICD-9 codes 270–279).