Table 3.
Effects of reduced oxygen tension on SC differentiation
| Cell type | pO2modulation | Cell differentiation/ mechanism | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| BM-MSCs |
CoCl2 |
Dopaminergic neuron-like cells/HIF-1α dependent activation of EPO, VEGF, p21 |
[115] |
| Rat MSCs |
Continuous hypoxia |
Increased chondrogenesis/activation of HIF-1α, Akt, p38 MAPK, SOX-9 |
[119] |
| Human MSCs |
Continuous hypoxia |
Inhibited osteogenesis/ HIF-1α dependent inhibition of RUNX2 |
[121] |
| MSCs |
Continuous hypoxia |
Inhibited hypertrophic chondrogenesis |
[122] |
| BM-MSCs |
Continuous hypoxia in alginate beads |
Increased chondrogenesis/ HIF-1α dependent stimulation of SOX-9 |
[123] |
| Human BM-MSCs |
Continuous hypoxia in gelatine hydrogel |
Increased chondrogenesis |
[124] |
| Human ADSCc |
Continuous hypoxia and chondrogenic medium |
Increased chondrogenesis |
[126] |
| ADSCc | Continuous 2% oxygen tension | Decreased chondrogenesis and osteogenesis | [127] |