Table 5.
Severely impaired interpretation performers (LIP) show a more severe psychopathology, compromised cognition and emotional processing compared to high interpretation performers (HIP)
| |
Descriptive |
|
LIP compared to HIP |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SZ (N=881) | LIP (N=88) | HIP (N=88) | Effect [95%CI] | P (Statistic) | ||
|
Disease relevant confounders | ||||||
| Years of education |
median |
12.0 |
11.0 |
13.0 |
−1.55 |
5.4 x10-4 |
| (years) |
interquartile |
[10.0, 13.5] |
[9.0,13.0] |
[10.0,15.0] |
[−2.42, -0.68] |
(t174=−3.525 a) |
| |
range |
(8.0-27.0) |
(8.0-20.5) |
(8.0-24.0) |
|
|
| Duration of disease |
median |
11.0 |
13.7 |
11.1 |
|
0.28 |
| (years) |
interquartile |
[4.7, 20.1] |
[6.4, 21.9] |
[5.3, 20.9] |
- |
(W=3466b) |
| |
range |
(0.008,58.4) |
(0.1, 47.4) |
(0.6, 45.3) |
|
|
| Number of |
median |
3.0 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
|
0.10 |
| hospitalizations |
interquartile |
[2.0, 6.0] |
[2.0, 5.0] |
[3.0, 6.0] |
- |
(W=2532b) |
| |
range |
(0, 55) |
(1, 44) |
(1, 50) |
|
|
| Chlorpromazine |
median |
500 |
600 |
450 |
|
0.068 |
| equivalents |
interquartile |
[250, 900] |
[300, 1072] |
[228, 817] |
- |
(W=3216b) |
| |
range |
(0, 7375) |
(0, 3238) |
(0, 3064) |
|
|
|
Functional outcome, disease severity and psychopathology | ||||||
| General assessment of |
mean ± SD |
45.6 ± 17.2 |
38.0 ± 17.1 |
49.8 ± 17.0 |
−11.93 |
6.5x10-6 |
| functioning (GAF) |
range |
(5, 90) |
(10, 85) |
(20, 90) |
[−16.99, -6.87] |
(t171=−4.654a) |
| Age-at-prodrome (years) |
median |
20 |
19 |
23 |
−2.70 |
0.054 |
| interquartile |
[17,26] |
[16,24] |
[17,30] |
[−5.44, 0.05] |
(t153=−1.942a) |
|
| range |
(2, 66) |
(12, 66) |
(2, 47) |
|
|
|
| PANSS negative |
median |
17.0 |
22.0 |
15.0 |
4.54 |
1.7 x10-4 |
| interquartile |
[12.0, 23.0] |
[14.0, 27.0] |
[11.0, 21.8] |
[2.21, 6.88] |
(t171= 3.840a) |
|
| range |
(7.0, 44.0) |
(7.0, 40.0) |
(7.0, 38.0) |
|
|
|
| PANSS positive |
median |
12.0 |
15.0 |
11.0 |
3.96 |
1.6 x10-4 |
| interquartile |
[9.0, 17.0] |
[10.0, 22.0] |
[8.0, 15.8] |
[1.94, 5.98] |
(t171= 3.869a) |
|
| range |
(7.0, 38.0) |
(7.0, 37.0) |
(7.0, 38.0) |
|
|
|
|
Disease-related cognition | ||||||
| Higher cognition |
mean ± SD |
−0.03 ± 0.78 |
−0.41 ± 0.84 |
0.07 ± 0.83 |
−0.24 |
4.3 x10-3 |
| compositec |
range |
(−2.64, 1.93) |
(−2.64, 1.40) |
(−1.92, 1.77) |
[−0.40, -0.07] |
(t169=−2.896a) |
| Alertness (TAP)c |
median |
−282 |
−331 |
−270 |
−80.75 |
1.4 x10-4 |
| (msec) |
interquartile |
[−350, -245] |
[−479, -270] |
[−311, -237] |
[−121.61, -39.89] |
(t164=−3.902a) |
| |
range |
(−1288, -163) |
(−1219, -206) |
(−878, -192) |
|
|
|
Emotional processing items | ||||||
| PANSS negative |
median |
8.0 |
10.0 |
7.0 |
|
3.3 x10-3 |
| N1+N2+N3d |
interquartile |
[5.0, 11.0] |
[6.0, 12.3] |
[4.0, 11.0] |
- |
(W=2883b) |
| range | (0.0, 21.0) | (3.0, 18.0) | (0.0, 16.0) | |||
Multiple testing adjusted significances (Bonferroni: p≤0.0045) are set in boldfaces, all other p-values≤0.05 in italic. at-Statistic tdf with df degrees of freedom for estimation of difference in means (employing a linear model on Blom-transformed trait; small differences in degrees of freedom are due to low percentages of missing trait values). bWilcoxon rank sum test. cAdjusted for age and PANSS negative. dN1: Blunted affect, N2: Emotional withdrawal, N3: Poor rapport. Abbreviations: SZ= Descriptive statistics for whole schizophrenia sample (N=881); HIP= High interpretation performers (N=88); LIP= Low interpretation performers (N=88), OR=Odds Ratio.