Table I.
Characteristics of the study population stratified by area
| Factor | Area |
P value∗ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All, n/N (%) | Rural, n/N (%) | Urban, n/N (%) | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 757/1604 (47.2) | 465/976 (47.6) | 292/628 (46.5) | .65 |
| Female | 847/1604 (52.8) | 511/976 (52.4) | 336/628 (53.5) | |
| Age | ||||
| ≤11 y | 785/1604 (48.9) | 496/976 (50.8) | 289/628 (46.0) | .06 |
| ≥11 y | 819/1604 (51.1) | 480/976 (49.2) | 339/628 (54.0) | |
| Parasitic infections | ||||
| Any intestinal helminth† (positive) | 248/1398 (17.7) | 236/834 (28.3) | 12/564 (2.1) | <.001 |
| S haematobium (positive) | 103/1537 (6.7) | 83/922 (9.0) | 20/615 (3.3) | <.001 |
| Plasmodium species‡ (positive) | 349/1468 (23.8) | 310/880 (35.2) | 39/588 (6.6) | <.001 |
| Peanut consumption | ||||
| Daily (yes) | 365/1372 (26.6) | 316/874 (36.2) | 49/498 (9.8) | <.001 |
| Weekly (yes) | 760/1372 (55.4) | 438/874 (50.1) | 322/498 (64.7) | <.001 |
| Monthly (yes) | 183/1372 (13.3) | 70/874 (8.0) | 113/498 (22.7) | <.001 |
| Every 6 mo (yes) | 21/1372 (1.5) | 12/874 (1.4) | 9/498 (1.8) | .52 |
| Never (yes) | 35/1372 (2.6) | 35/874 (4.0) | 0/498 (0.0) | <.001 |
| Missing consumption information | 8/1372 (0.6) | 3/874 (0.3) | 5/498 (1.0) | |
| Exclusive peanut preparation methods | ||||
| Boiled only (yes) | 61/1372 (4.4) | 56/874 (6.4) | 5/498 (1.0) | <.001 |
| Fried only (yes) | 19/1372 (1.4) | 19/874 (2.2) | 0/498 (0.0) | .001 |
| Roasted only (yes) | 277/1372 (20.2) | 276/874 (31.6) | 1/498 (0.2) | <.001 |
| Other peanut preparation methods | ||||
| Raw (yes) | 22/1372 (1.6) | 3/874 (0.3) | 19/498 (3.8) | <.001 |
| Peanut oil§ | ||||
| Use of peanut oil (yes) | 33/1370 (2.4) | 32/872 (3.7) | 1/498 (0.2) | <.001 |
∗
P values were calculated by using Pearson χ2 test with 1 df. Values in boldface indicate significance.
†
Any intestinal helminth = Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm (Ancylostoma duodenale or Necator americanus), Trichuris trichiura, or Schistosoma mansoni.
‡
Plasmodium species = Plasmodium falciparum or Plasmodium malariae (the 2 malaria parasite species detected in our study population).
§
Peanut oil use information missing for 2 participants.