Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics of the study participants
| Total (n = 118) | Group 1 (n = 54) | Group 2 (n = 45) | Group 3 (n = 19) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) |
68 (10) |
68 (10) |
68 (10) |
69 (11) |
0.929 |
| Male, n (%) |
34 (50.0) |
23 (56.1) |
11 (40.7) |
11 (40.7) |
0.215 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
125 (18) |
128 (18) |
125 (16) |
118 (20) |
0.108 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
69 (11) |
70 (12) |
69 (12) |
66 (9) |
0.349 |
| Body surface area (m2) |
1.65 (0.17) |
1.65 (0.16) |
1.67 (0.18) |
1.63 (0.17) |
0.681 |
| Baseline creatinine (mg/dL) |
0.93 (0.23) |
0.92 (0.25) |
0.92 (0.20) |
0.95 (0.22) |
0.877 |
| Hypertension, n (%) |
68 (57.6) |
33 (61.1) |
25 (55.6) |
10 (52.6) |
0.763 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) |
29 (24.6) |
10 (18.5) |
13 (28.9) |
6 (31.6) |
0.364 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) |
25 (21.2) |
17 (31.5) |
6 (13.3) |
2 (10.5) |
0.410 |
| Current smoker, n (%) |
22 (18.6) |
6 (11.1) |
8 (17.8) |
8 (42.1) |
0.011 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) |
10 (8.5) |
5 (9.3) |
2 (4.4) |
3 (15.8) |
0.317 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%)§ | 16 (14.7) | 8 (16.3) | 5 (12.2) | 3 (15.8) | 0.849 |
All patients were grouped according to the presence/absence of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction, defined as LV ejection fraction (EF) < 50%. Group 1 was defined as normal LVEF and no LGE on CMR, group 2 as normal LVEF with LGE on CMR, group 3 as depressed LVEF with LGE on CMR. The difference of baseline clinical characteristics between the three groups was calculated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the results presented as p-value. NYHA, New York Heart Association. The data are presented as mean (SD) or number (percentage). §The evaluation of the presence/absence of coronary artery disease was evaluated in 109 patients.