Table 3.
Baseline characteristics of non-smokers, former smokers and current smokers
|
Smoking status |
Men |
Women |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-smoker | Former smoker | Current smoker | Pvalue | Non-smoker | Former smoker | Current smoker | Pvalue | |
| n (%) |
10,529 (43.2%) |
8,175 (33.5%) |
5,685 (23.3%) |
|
16,456 (46.9%) |
11,633 (33.2%) |
6,989 (19.9%) |
|
| Age, years |
42 ± 11 |
51 ± 12 |
43 ± 11 |
<0.001 |
43 ± 12 |
48 ± 11 |
42 ± 11 |
<0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 |
26.1 ± 3.7 |
27.0 ± 3.5 |
26.2 ± 3.7 |
<0.001 |
25.6 ± 4.8 |
26.3 ± 4.7 |
25.4 ± 4.6 |
<0.001 |
| BMI ≥30 kg/m2, n (%) |
1,311 (12.5%) |
1,390 (17.0%) |
812 (14.3%) |
|
2,623 (15.9%) |
2,087 (17.9%) |
951 (13.6%) |
|
| SBP, mmHg |
130 ± 13 |
133 ± 14 |
131 ± 13 |
<0.001 |
122 ± 15 |
124 ± 16 |
121 ± 14 |
<0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg |
76 ± 9 |
78 ± 9 |
76 ± 9 |
<0.001 |
72 ± 9 |
73 ± 9 |
72 ± 9 |
<0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/l |
5.0 ± 1.0 |
5.2 ± 1.0 |
5.1 ± 1.0 |
<0.001 |
4.9 ± 1.0 |
5.1 ± 1.0 |
5.0 ± 1.0 |
<0.001 |
| LDL-C, mmol/l |
3.28 ± 0.86 |
3.43 ± 0.89 |
3.39 ± 0.92 |
<0.001 |
2.99 ±0.85 |
3.18 ± 0.89 |
3.14 ± 0.92 |
<0.001 |
| HDL-C, mmol/l |
1.31 ± 0.31 |
1.31 ± 0.32 |
1.21 ± 0.30 |
<0.001 |
1.59 ± 0.38 |
1.65 ± 0.40 |
1.49 ± 0.38 |
<0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/la |
1.12 (0.78 to 1.54) |
1.25 (0.87 to 1.73) |
1.35 (0.92 to 1.91) |
<0.001 |
0.87 (0.64 to 1.16) |
0.93 (0.68 to 1.25) |
1.01 (0.73 to 1.36) |
<0.001 |
| Apolipoprotein A1, g/l |
1.43 ± 0.22 |
1.46 ± 0.22 |
1.40 ± 0.22 |
<0.001 |
1.61 ± 0.27 |
1.66 ± 0.27 |
1.57 ± 0.28 |
<0.001 |
| HDL-C/apoA1 ratio |
0.89 ± 0.13 |
0.88 ± 0.13 |
0.85 ± 0.13 |
<0.001 |
0.97 ± 0.14 |
0.98 ± 0.60 |
0.92 ± 0.13 |
<0.001 |
| Apolipoprotein B, g/l |
0.94 ± 0.23 |
1.00 ± 0.24 |
1.00 ± 0.25 |
<0.001 |
0.87 ± 0.23 |
0.91 ± 0.23 |
0.93 ± 0.24 |
<0.001 |
| LDL-C/apoB ratio |
3.49 ± 0.37 |
3.45 ± 0.41 |
3.37 ± 0.40 |
<0.001 |
3.44 ± 0.37 |
3.47 ± 0.36 |
3.38 ± 0.36 |
<0.001 |
| Blood glucose, mmol/la |
5.05 (4.70 to 5.30) |
5.26 (4.90 to 5.50) |
5.11 (4.70 to 5.40) |
<0.001 |
4.83 (4.50 to 5.10) |
4.94 (4.60 to 5.20) |
4.84 (4.50 to 5.10) |
<0.001 |
| Waist circumference, cm |
94 ± 11 |
98 ± 10 |
95 ± 11 |
<0.001 |
86 ± 12 |
89 ± 12 |
87 ± 12 |
<0.001 |
| BP-lowering medication, n (%) |
821 (7.8%) |
1,497 (18.3%) |
503 (8.8%) |
<0.001 |
1,683 (10.2%) |
1,660 (14.3%) |
621 (8.9%) |
<0.001 |
| Statin use, n (%) |
411 (3.9% |
918 (11.2% |
419 (7.4%) |
<0.001 |
560 (3.4%) |
594 (5.1%) |
275 (3.9%) |
<0.001 |
| TG-lowering medication, n (%) |
13 (0.1%) |
24 (0.3%) |
14 (0.2%) |
NS |
6 (0.1%) |
10 (0.1%) |
6 (0.1%) |
NS |
| Type 2 diabetes, n (%) |
113 (1.1%) |
264 (3.2%) |
83 (1.5%) |
<0.001 |
188 (1.1%) |
216 (1.9%) |
68 (1.0%) |
NS |
| Oral antihyperglycemic medication, n (%) | 102 (1.0%) | 217 (2.7%) | 69 (1.2%) | <0.001 | 154 (0.9%) | 164 (1.4%) | 55 (0.8%) | <0.001 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD, or median (interquartile range).
aData given as geometric mean (interquartile range).
Apo apolipoprotein, BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, NS not significant, SBP systolic blood pressure, TG triglycerides.