Table 1.
Top ten Plasmodium falciparum/Plasmodium vivax betweenness centrality airports with their degrees in a sub-network that only contains direct links from airports in Plasmodium falciparum- or Plasmodium vivax-endemic areas
|
Top ten P. falciparum centrality airports | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Airport | City | Country | Normalized betweenness centrality | Degree |
| NBO |
Nairobi |
Kenya |
47.35 |
80 |
| MBA |
Mombasa |
Kenya |
32.44 |
27 |
| JRO |
Kilimanjaro |
Tanzania |
32.39 |
14 |
| BOM |
Mumbai |
India |
30.41 |
104 |
| ADD |
Addis Ababa |
Ethiopia |
28.21 |
64 |
| DEL |
Delhi |
India |
23.16 |
111 |
| JIB |
Djibouti |
Djibouti |
19.77 |
15 |
| ADE |
Aden |
Yemen |
18.63 |
15 |
| MGQ |
Mogadishu |
Somalia |
14.45 |
8 |
| HRE |
Harare |
Zimbabwe |
14.35 |
20 |
|
Top ten P. vivax centrality airports | ||||
|
Airport |
City |
Country |
Normalized betweenness centrality |
Degree |
| BKK |
Bangkok |
Thailand |
96.43 |
146 |
| ICN |
Seoul |
South Korea |
78.12 |
150 |
| DEL |
Delhi |
India |
59.55 |
133 |
| BOM |
Mumbai |
India |
34.17 |
116 |
| KMG |
Kunming |
China |
30.79 |
90 |
| PHX |
Phoenix |
USA |
28.63 |
91 |
| DPS |
Denpasar Bali |
Indonesia |
27.94 |
34 |
| SJO |
San Jose |
Costa Rica |
27.72 |
37 |
| DOH |
Doha |
Qatar |
25.91 |
100 |
| TAS | Tashkent | Uzbekistan | 25.85 | 69 |
The betweenness centrality scores show how many shortest paths go through an airport, thus they highlight the potential that airports might route infection flows, acting as ‘malaria hubs’. The degree measures how many routes are linked to an airport.