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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer J. 2013 Jul-Aug;19(4):333–340. doi: 10.1097/PPO.0b013e3182a09e07

Figure 1. Summary of histone modifications and enzymes involved.

Figure 1

The nucleosome structure consists of the octamer core (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) with the linker histone (H1). Histone tails can be modified through phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination and methylation. DNA, however, can be only acetylated or methylated at different sites including promoter regions and CpG islands. Enzymes causing above mentioned modifications are Histone deacetylases (HDACs), Histone acetyl transferases (HATs), Histone methyl transferases (HMTs) and Histone demethylases (HDMTs). DNA can be methylated by a group of enzymes known as DNA methyl transferases and deacetylated by class II HDACs.