QCM-D results showing changes in resonance frequency (ΔF) and dissipation (ΔD) as function of time for replicates of DNA adsorption to quartz at pH 5 in: (A) 6 M sodium perchlorate (SP), (B) acetic acid containing 400 mM K+ (AA), (C) glycine containing 400 mM KCl (GL), (D) sodium citrate containing 400 mM KCl (SC). A baseline was established using the buffer solution (without DNA) for 10 minutes (i), followed by 50 minutes of the buffer solution with 10 ng/μL DNA (ii), then 30 minutes of the buffer solution as a rinse (iii).