Table 2.
Odds Ratios for Cigarette Smoking and Head and Neck Cancer in the Carolina Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (CHANCE) Study
| Overall | Whites | African Americans | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| Cigarette Smoking | Cases N | Controls N | OR (95% I)a | Cases N | Controls N | OR (95% I)b | Cases N | Controls N | OR (95% I)b |
| Never | 163 | 508 | 150 | 409 | 13 | 99 | |||
| Ever | 1064 | 817 | 2.28 (1.81, 2.88) | 772 | 665 | 1.97 (1.54, 2.53) | 292 | 152 | 7.75 (3.57, 16.83) |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Former/Current | |||||||||
| Never | 163 | 508 | 150 | 409 | 13 | 99 | |||
| Former | 361 | 557 | 1.51 (1.17, 1.94) | 292 | 467 | 1.32 (1.01, 1.73) | 69 | 90 | 4.98 (2.17, 11.43) |
| Current | 703 | 260 | 3.87 (2.97, 5.04) | 480 | 198 | 3.44 (2.58, 4.58) | 223 | 62 | 10.61 (4.73, 23.76) |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Duration (years) | |||||||||
| Never Smokers | 163 | 508 | 150 | 409 | 13 | 99 | |||
| 1-19 | 110 | 280 | 0.98 (0.72, 1.35) | 92 | 228 | 0.88 (0.63, 1.23) | 18 | 52 | 2.54 (0.94, 6.87) |
| 20-39 | 465 | 320 | 2.34 (1.79, 3.07) | 305 | 256 | 1.95 (1.46, 2.62) | 160 | 64 | 7.62 (3.38, 17.21) |
| 40+ | 485 | 214 | 5.30 (3.94, 7.13) | 373 | 178 | 4.75 (3.45, 6.53) | 112 | 36 | 16.28 (6.52, 40.62) |
| Missing | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 0 | |||
| ptrendc | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Frequency (cigarettes/day) | |||||||||
| Never Smokers | 163 | 508 | 150 | 409 | 13 | 99 | |||
| 1-19 | 211 | 322 | 1.39 (1.05, 1.85) | 115 | 230 | 1.14 (0.83, 1.57) | 96 | 92 | 4.78 (2.12, 10.82) |
| 20+ | 850 | 495 | 2.99 (2.33, 3.84) | 654 | 435 | 2.56 (1.96, 3.33) | 196 | 60 | 13.16 (5.73, 30.23) |
| Missing | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| ptrend | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||
OR odds ratio, I interval estimates
a
Odds ratios adjusted for matching factors (age, sex, and race, including pairwise interactions), education, and alcohol drinking. 122 individuals missing alcohol drinking, and therefore dropped from models.
b
Odds ratios adjusted for matching factors (age and sex, including pairwise interactions), education, and alcohol drinking. 122 individuals missing alcohol drinking, and therefore dropped from models.
c
p-value for linear trend obtained from modeling the continuous forms of the frequency, duration, and cumulative variables.