Differential effects of DSF–Cd complex on malignant and non-tumorigenic breast cells. Malignant MCF10-DCIS cells (DCIS) and immortalized but non-tumorigenic MCF-10A cells (10A) were treated with DSF–Cd at 1–20 μM, DSF at 20 μM, cadmium chloride (Cd) at 20 μM, or DMSO for 10 h, followed by morphological changes evaluation (A, B) and the CT-like activity assay using whole cell lysates (C). Columns, mean of independent triplicate experiments; bars, SD;**, p<0.01.