Table 2.
Age-adjusted participant characteristics according to serum UA levels in leg extension power group (n = 355)
| |
Serum UA quartiles, mg/dL |
P 1 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <5.4 | 5.4–6.0 | 6.1–6.8 | >6.8 | ||
| Participants |
92 |
90 |
85 |
88 |
― |
| Age, years |
45.9 (44.1–47.9) 2 |
45.4 (43.6–47.4) |
44.9 (43–46.8) |
45.3 (43.4–47.3) |
0.58 |
| BMI, kg/m2 |
22.8 (22.2–23.4) |
22.9 (22.3–23.5) |
23.6 (23–24.3) |
24.7 (24–25.3) |
<0.01 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg |
122 (119–125) |
122 (119–125) |
128 (125–131) |
131 (128–134) |
<0.01 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg |
78 (76–80) |
77 (75–79) |
82 (79–84) |
83 (81–86) |
<0.01 |
| Education levels (≥college), % |
34.8 |
32.2 |
41.2 |
33.0 |
0.90 |
| Occupation (desk work), % |
80.4 |
77.8 |
75.3 |
78.4 |
0.69 |
| Smoking status |
|
|
|
|
|
| Never, % |
43.5 |
46.7 |
40.0 |
29.5 |
0.04 |
| Former, % |
12.0 |
7.8 |
15.3 |
18.2 |
0.11 |
| Current, % |
44.6 |
45.6 |
44.7 |
52.3 |
0.36 |
| Drinking frequency |
|
|
|
|
|
| Every day, % |
17.4 |
26.7 |
28.2 |
35.2 |
<0.01 |
| Sometimes, % |
58.7 |
62.2 |
54.1 |
46.6 |
0.05 |
| Never, % |
23.9 |
11.1 |
17.6 |
18.2 |
0.54 |
| Physical activity, MET hours/week |
|
|
|
|
|
| ≥23, % |
41.3 |
30.0 |
31.8 |
37.5 |
0.72 |
| Metabolic syndrome, % |
16.3 |
13.3 |
22.4 |
29.5 |
<0.01 |
| Depressive symptoms, % |
37.0 |
30.0 |
28.2 |
35.2 |
0.78 |
| Daily nutrient intakes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Total energy, kcal |
1889 (1767–2019) |
1772 (1657–1896) |
1915 (1787–2053) |
1947 (1819–2085) |
0.27 |
| Protein, g |
63.8 (59.2–68.8) |
58.6 (54.3–63.2) |
63.8 (59.0–69.0) |
65.0 (60.2–70.2) |
0.42 |
| Vitamin C, mg |
84.0 (74.8–94.2) |
78.5 (69.9–88.2) |
79.8 (70.8–89.9) |
88.0 (78.3–99.0) |
0.55 |
| α-tocopherol, mg |
6.7 (6.1–7.3) |
6.2 (5.6–6.8) |
6.8 (6.2–7.4) |
6.8 (6.2–7.5) |
0.44 |
| β-carotene, μg |
2051 (1731–2430) |
1812 (1527–2151) |
2181 (1828–2601) |
2224 (1870–2644) |
0.27 |
| Blood characteristics |
|
|
|
|
|
| High-sensitivity CRP, mg/L |
0.28 (0.23–0.35) |
0.37 (0.29–0.46) |
0.32 (0.25–0.40) |
0.48 (0.38–0.60) |
<0.01 |
| eGFR, mL·min-1·1.73 m-2 |
84.1 (81.9–86.4) |
82.2 (79.9–84.5) |
82.5 (80.2–84.9) |
77.2 (75.1–79.4) |
<0.01 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL |
91.4 (82.1–102) |
109 (98.2–122) |
111 (99.3–124) |
129 (116–144) |
<0.01 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL |
54.5 (51.9–57.3) |
51.1 (48.6–53.7) |
51.7 (49.1–54.4) |
49.5 (47.1–52.0) |
0.01 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 94.8 (92.8–97.0) | 93.7 (91.6–95.8) | 94.5 (92.3–96.7) | 94.8 (92.6–96.9) | 0.90 |
1 The linear trends were obtained using ANCOVA for both continuous and categorical variables.
2 Variables have been log-transformed and expressed as geometric means (95% confidence interval).
Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, CRP C-reactive protein, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.