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. 2013 Sep 3;13:800. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-800

Table 3.

Hazard ratios (HR) of death by air pollutants for respiratory cancer cases among Whites from 1992-2008

Air pollutanta Overall death
 Cancer-specific death
Unadjusted HR
 Adjusted HRb
 Unadjusted HR
 Adjusted HRb
(95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI)
Honolulu and Los Angeles(n = 58,586)
PM10
 Low (< 29.6 μg/m3)
 1.00
 1.00
 1.00
 1.00
High (≥ 29.6 μg/m3)
 1.41(1.39–1.44) *
 1.63(1.58–1.67) *
 1.39(1.36–1.42) *
 1.56(1.51–1.61) *
Continuous variable (per 10 μg/m3)
 1.40(1.37–1.42) *
 1.48(1.44–1.52) *
 1.37(1.35–1.40) *
 1.43(1.39–1.46) *
PM2.5
 Low (< 17.6 μg/m3)
 1.00
 1.00
 1.00
 1.00
High (≥ 17.6 μg/m3)
 1.08(1.05–1.11) *
 2.04(1.96–1.12) *
 1.07(1.04–1.10) *
 1.97(1.89–2.05) *
Continuous variable (per 5 μg/m3)
 1.23(1.21–1.25) *
 1.57(1.53–1.61) *
 1.20(1.18–1.22) *
 1.49(1.45–1.53) *
O3
 Low (< 0.041 PPM)
 1.00
 1.00
 1.00
 1.00
High(≥ 0.041 PPM)
 1.07(1.05–1.09) *
 1.04(1.01–1.06) *
 1.07(1.05–1.10) *
 1.04(1.02–1.07) *
Continuous variable (per 10 PPB)
 1.08(1.06–1.09) *
 1.04(1.03–1.06) *
 1.09(1.07–1.11) *
 1.06(1.04–1.07) *
Los Angeles (n = 56,193)
PM10
 Low (< 29.7 μg/m3)
 1.00
 1.00
 1.00
 1.00
High (≥ 29.7 μg/m3)
 1.46(1.43–1.49) *
 1.77(1.72–1.83) *
 1.44(1.41–1.48) *
 1.70(1.64–1.76) *
Continuous variable (per 10 μg/m3)
 1.51(1.48–1.54) *
 1.91(1.85–1.98) *
 1.47(1.44–1.50) *
 1.79(1.73–1.86) *
PM2.5
 Low (< 17.9 μg/m3)
 1.00
 1.00
 1.00
 1.00
High (≥ 17.9 μg/m3)
 1.09(1.06–1.12) *
 2.24(2.15–2.33) *
 1.07(1.04–1.10) *
 2.13(2.04–2.22) *
Continuous variable (per 5 μg/m3)
 1.42(1.39–1.45) *
 2.51(2.43–2.59) *
 1.35(1.32–1.39) *
 2.28(2.20–2.36) *
O3
 Low (< 0.041 PPM)
 1.00
 1.00
 1.00
 1.00
High(≥ 0.041 PPM)
 1.15(1.13–1.17) *
 1.12(1.09–1.15) *
 1.15(1.13–1.18) *
 1.12(1.09–1.15) *
  Continuous variable (per 10 PPB) 1.07(1.05–1.09) * 1.04(1.02–1.06) * 1.09(1.07–1.11) * 1.06(1.04–1.08) *

* Statistically significant at alpha = 0.05.

a High and low levels were categorized using the median concentration of air pollutant.

b Adjusted hazard ratios are adjusted for Age at Diagnoses, Sex, Marital status at diagnoses, Cancer stage, Primary site, and Year diagnosed.