Table 4.

Endorsement of DSM-IV diagnostic criteria by patients with alcohol dependence (AD) with and without a family history (FH) of alcohol use disorders

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%).

Dignostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder fourth edition (DSM-IV) 1, tolerance, as defined by either of the following: a) a need for markedly increased amounts of alcohol to achieve intoxication or desired effect, b) markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of alcohol; DSM-IV 2, withdrawal, as defined by either of the following: a) the characteristic withdrawal syndrome for alcohol (refer to DSM-IV for further details), b) alcohol is taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms; DSM-IV 3, alcohol is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended; DSM-IV 4, persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control alcohol use; DSM-IV 5, a great deal of time spent in activities necessary to obtain alcohol, use alcohol or recover from its effects; DSM-IV 6, important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of alcohol use; DSM-IV 7, alcohol use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by the alcohol (e.g., continued drinking despite recognition that an ulcer was made worse by alcohol consumption); df, degree of freedom.

^*Corrected for confounding variable, age.