Table 3.
Association between powder use and risk of ovarian cancer (borderline and invasive combined) by study site
| Site | Controls (%)(N= 9,859) | Cases (%)(N= 8,525) | Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)* | Multivariate OR (95% CI)* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AUS | ||||
| No powder use | 305 (21) | 300 (21) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Non-genital use only | 486 (34) | 427 (30) | 0.85 (0.69–1.05) | 0.92 (0.74–1.14) |
| Genital use | 658 (45) | 705 (49) | 1.04 (0.85–1.26) | 1.13 (0.92–1.38) |
| DOV† | ||||
| No powder use | 1544 (83) | 1293 (83) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Genital use | 297 (16) | 272 (17) | 1.14 (0.95–1.37) | 1.13 (0.93–1.36) |
| HAW | ||||
| No powder use | 489 (65) | 326 (68) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Non-genital use only | 154 (20) | 81 (17) | 0.79 (0.58–1.07) | 0.69 (0.50–0.96) |
| Genital use | 112 (15) | 74 (15) | 0.99 (0.72–1.37) | 0.99 (0.70–1.41) |
| HOP | ||||
| No powder use | 989 (66) | 439 (60) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Non-genital use only | 184 (13) | 102 (14) | 1.23 (0.94–1.61) | 1.23 (0.93–1.62) |
| Genital use | 316 (21) | 194 (26) | 1.37 (1.11–1.69) | 1.34 (1.07–1.67) |
| NCO | ||||
| No powder use | 391 (60) | 469 (60) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Non-genital use only | 137 (21) | 122 (16) | 0.75 (0.57–0.99) | 0.74 (0.56–0.99) |
| Genital use | 122 (19) | 195 (25) | 1.33 (1.03–1.74) | 1.37 (1.05–1.80) |
| NEC | ||||
| No powder use | 1239 (53) | 1129 (49) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Non-genital use only | 454 (19) | 421 (18) | 1.02 (0.87–1.19) | 1.04 (0.88–1.22) |
| Genital use | 636 (27) | 755 (33) | 1.30 (1.14–1.49) | 1.28 (1.12–1.47) |
| SON† | ||||
| No powder use | 364 (65) | 252 (56) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Genital use | 200 (35) | 197 (44) | 1.43 (1.11–1.85) | 1.35 (1.03–1.76) |
| USC | ||||
| No powder use | 494 (63) | 435 (56) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Non-genital use only | 118 (15) | 129 (17) | 1.25 (0.94–1.66) | 1.14 (0.85–1.52) |
| Genital use | 170 (22) | 208 (27) | 1.39 (1.10–1.77) | 1.36 (1.06–1.74) |
| Pooled‡ | ||||
| No powder use | 5815 (59) | 4643 (54) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Non-genital use only | 1533 (16) | 1282 (15) | 0.98 (0.90–1.07) | 0.98 (0.89–1.07) |
| Genital use | 2511 (25) | 2600 (31) | 1.25 (1.16–1.34) | 1.24 (1.15–1.33) |
Study-specific estimates were determined using unconditional logistic regression and pooled ORs were estimated using conditional logistic regression conditioned on 5yr age groups and study. Multivariate models are adjusted for age (continuous), oral contraceptive duration (never use, <2yrs, 2–<5yrs, 5–<10yrs, >=10yrs), parity (0,1,2,3,4+ children), tubal ligation history (no, yes), BMI (quartiles), race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, Hispanic white, black, Asian, other).
Information on non-genital powder use was not collected in the SON and DOV study
p-value for heterogeneity between multivariate study specific ORs equal to 0.61; calculated using Conchran’s Q statistic test