Table 4.
Association between powder use and risk of ovarian cancer by behavior and histology
| Model 1* | OR (95% CI)† | Model 2* | OR (95% CI)† | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No powder use | Genital powder use | No genital powder use | Genital powder use | |||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Controls | 5815 (59) | 2511 (25) | 7348 (75) | 2511 (25) | ||
| All borderline cases | 1035 (58) | 504 (28) | 1.29 (1.14–1.48) | 1247 (72) | 504 (28) | 1.30 (1.15–1.47) |
| Serous | 567 (57) | 300 (30) | 1.46 (1.24–1.72) | 700 (70) | 300 (30) | 1.45 (1.24–1.69) |
| Mucinous | 409 (60) | 184 (27) | 1.17 (0.96–1.42) | 502 (73) | 184 (27) | 1.19 (0.98–1.43) |
| All invasive cases | 3470 (54) | 2009 (31) | 1.21 (1.12–1.32) | 4471 (69) | 2009 (31) | 1.23 (1.14–1.32) |
| Serous | 1952 (53) | 1197 (32) | 1.20 (1.09–1.32) | 2519 (68) | 1197 (32) | 1.24 (1.13–1.35) |
| Mucinous | 206 (57) | 94 (26) | 1.09 (0.84–1.42) | 269 (74) | 94 (26) | 1.06 (0.82–1.36) |
| Endometrioid | 568 (55) | 304 (30) | 1.22 (1.04–1.43) | 723 (70) | 304 (30) | 1.20 (1.03–1.40) |
| Clear Cell | 327 (54) | 187 (31) | 1.24 (1.01–1.52) | 420 (69) | 187 (31) | 1.26 (1.04–1.52) |
In model 1, the reference group is restricted to women with no powder use except for the DOV and SON studies as these did not collect data on non-genital powder use. The number of cases who reported non-genital powder use was 212 (13%) of all borderline cases, 133 (13%) serous borderline, 93 (14%) mucinous borderline, 1001 (15%) of all invasive, 567 (15%) serous invasive, 63 (17%) mucinous invasive, 155 (15%) endometrioid invasive, 93 (15%) clear cell invasive. In model 2, the reference group includes all women who did not use genital powders (non-users and non-genital users combined).
ORs were estimated using conditional logistic regression conditioned on 5yr age groups and adjusted for age (continuous), oral contraceptive duration (never use, <2yrs, 2–<5yrs, 5–<10yrs, >=10yrs), parity (0,1,2,3,4+ children), tubal ligation history (no, yes), BMI (quartiles), race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, Hispanic white, black, Asian, other).