The peripheral blood mononuclear cells of adults reared in low-SES families have more pronounced IL-6 responses to poly I:C (a viral analogue, upper left) and flagellin (a bacterial product, upper right), compared with adults from high-SES families. Those raised in low-SES families also display upregulation of genes with response elements for NF-κB, the molecular lynchpin of inflammation, and downregulation of genes with response elements for the anti-inflammatory glucocrticoid receptor (bottom panel).