Table 2.

Fracture incidence rate ratio^* (and 95% confidence interval) for demographic variables, by type of fracture; Medicare beneficiaries, 2000–2005

Variable	Hip N†=1,672,183 PY‡=6,973,391 Fractures=60,354 IR§= 8.65/1,000	Spine N=1,675,419 PY=6,997,984 Fractures=44,120 IR= 6.30/1,000	Distal Radius/Ulna N=1,684,791 PY=7,055,210 Fractures=24,347 IR= 3.45/1,000	Humerus N=1,684,720 PY=7,077,597 Fractures=19,393 IR= 2.74/1,000	Ankle N=1,686,668 PY=7,091,296 Fractures=13,454 IR= 1.90/1,000	Tibia/Fibula N=1,688,870 PY=7,119,730 Fractures= 6,385 IR= 0.90/1,000
Gender
Female	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Male	0.59 (0.58, 0.60)	0.58 (0.57, 0.60)	0.23 (0.23, 0.24)	0.38 (0.36, 0.39)	0.48 (0.46, 0.50)	0.49 (0.46, 0.52)
Race/ethnicity
White	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Asian	0.61 (0.56, 0.68)	0.8 (0.73 , 0.88)	0.63 (0.54, 0.74)	0.52 (0.43, 0.63)	0.37 (0.28, 0.49)	0.45 (0.31, 0.65)
African	0.46 (0.44, 0.48)	0.25 (0.24, 0.27)	0.32 (0.30, 0.35)	0.36 (0.33, 0.39)	0.67 (0.62, 0.72)	0.88 (0.79, 0.97)
Hispanic	0.68 (0.63, 0.74)	0.69 (0.63, 0.76)	0.90 (0.81, 1.01)	0.74 (0.64, 0.84)	0.74 (0.63, 0.88)	0.94 (0.76, 1.17)
Other	0.83 (0.77, 0.90)	0.74 (0.67, 0.81)	0.69 (0.60, 0.79)	0.72 (0.62, 0.84)	0.58 (0.48, 0.71)	0.81 (0.63, 1.04)
Age
65–69	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
70–74	1.96 (1.87, 2.06)	1.72 (1.65, 1.80)	1.27 (1.21, 1.33)	1.43 (1.35, 1.52)	1.08 (1.02, 1.14)	1.19 (1.09, 1.30)
75–79	3.91 (3.74, 4.09)	2.80 (2.69, 2.92)	1.65 (1.58, 1.73)	2.06 (1.95, 2.18)	1.08 (1.02, 1.14)	1.44 (1.32, 1.56)
80–84	7.55 (7.22, 7.89)	4.24 (4.00, 4.42)	2.00 (1.91, 2.10)	2.70 (2.55, 2.86)	1.09 (1.03, 1.16)	1.64 (1.50, 1.79)
85+	15.16 (14.53, 15.83)	6.00 (5.76, 6.24)	2.34 (2.24, 2.45)	3.86 (3.65, 4.07)	1.19 (1.12, 1.26)	2.32 (2.13, 2.53)
Calendar Year
2000	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
2001	0.97 (0.94, 0.99)	1.02 (0.99, 1.06)	0.98 (0.94, 1.02)	0.98 (0.93, 1.03)	0.95 (0.89, 1.01)	1.01 (0.93, 1.10)
2002	0.91 (0.89, 0.94)	1.04 (1.01, 1.08)	0.94 (0.90, 0.98)	0.97 (0.93, 1.02)	0.97 (0.91, 1.03)	0.97 (0.89, 1.06)
2003	0.91 (0.89, 0.94)	1.07 (1.04, 1.11)	1.01 (0.97, 1.06)	1.00 (0.95, 1.05)	1.02 (0.96, 1.08)	0.89 (0.81, 0.97)
2004	0.89 (0.87, 0.92)	1.11 (1.08, 1.15)	0.97 (0.93, 1.02)	0.97 (0.92, 1.01)	0.99 (0.94, 1.05)	0.97 (0.89, 1.06)
2005	0.86 (0.84, 0.89)	1.10 (1.06, 1.13)	0.95 (0.91, 1.00)	0.97 (0.92, 1.02)	1.01 (0.95, 1.07)	0.97 (0.89, 1.06)
Urban/Rural
Urban Core	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Not Urban core	0.99 (0.97, 1.01)	0.99 (0.97, 1.01)	0.93 (0.91, 0.96)	0.89 (0.86, 0.92)	0.99 (0.96, 1.03)	0.96 (0.91, 1.01)
Geographic region
Northeast	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Midwest	1.03 (1.01, 1.06)	1.11 (1.08, 1.14)	0.98 (0.94, 1.01)	0.90 (0.87, 0.94)	0.96 (0.92, 1.01)	0.98 (0.91, 1.05)
West	1.01 (0.98, 1.04)	1.14 (1.11, 1.18)	0.70 (0.67, 0.73)	0.72 (0.68, 0.76)	0.68 (0.64, 0.72)	0.72 (0.66, 0.79)
South	1.16 (1.13, 1.18)	1.22 (1.18, 1.25)	0.99 (0.96, 1.02)	0.94 (0.90, 0.97)	0.91 (0.87, 0.96)	0.91 (0.85, 0.98)
Median income
0–<30,000	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
30,000–<45,000	0.94 (0.92, 0.96)	0.97 (0.95, 1.00)	0.99 (0.96, 1.03)	0.95 (0.92, 0.99)	1.00 (0.95, 1.04)	0.94 (0.88, 1.00)
45,000–<60,000	0.91 (0.89, 0.93)	0.94 (0.92, 0.97)	1.00 (0.96, 1.04)	0.94 (0.90, 0.99)	0.98 (0.92, 1.03)	0.88 (0.82, 0.95)
60,000–<75,000	0.88 (0.85, 0.91)	0.90 (0.87, 0.94)	0.93 (0.89, 0.98)	0.94 (0.89, 0.99)	0.93 (0.87, 1.00)	0.82 (0.74, 0.90)
75,000+	0.84 (0.81, 0.87)	0.89 (0.85, 0.93)	0.92 (0.87, 0.97)	0.86 (0.81, 0.92)	0.89 (0.82, 0.96)	0.82 (0.73, 0.91)

^*Adjusted for all variables in this table.

^†N, number of beneficiaries included in the analysis of each of the six incident fracture sites.

^‡PY, person-years of follow-up.

^§IR, crude incidence rate for the particular incident fracture site per 1,000 PY.