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KAL1 gene expression in human and chick correlates with the phenotype in patients with Kallmann syndrome (Rugarli and Ballabio, 1993; Lutz et al., 1994).
| Expression | Phenotype |
|---|---|
| Olfactory bulb | Anosmia/hyposmia |
| Cerebellum | Nystagmus Ataxia |
| Spinal cord (corticospinal tract) | Synkinesia |
| Oculomotor nucleus | Eye movement abnormalities |
| Retina | Visual defects |
| Facial mesenchyme | Cleft palate |
| Mesonephros and metanephros | Renal agenesis |
| Limb bud | Pes cavus, limb anomalies |
