Fig. 3.
Ectopic PTTH activity is independent of tsl. (A) Overexpression of PTTH in the prothoracic gland (phm-Gal4) results in a decreased time to pupariation (19 h less than the control, P < 0.001; 35 h less than tslΔ, P < 0.001). Removal of tsl under these conditions marginally slowed pupariation (P = 0.034) but not to close to normal or tslΔ developmental timing (P = 0.034). Means are calculated from n = 10 with a minimum of 108 individuals tested per genotype. (B) Overexpression of PTTH using phm-GAL4 gives a strong reduction in adult weight in males that is further reduced by loss of tsl (all means significantly different from each other; P < 0.001). Females followed a similar but nonsignificant trend due to overexpression of PTTH having little affect on adult weight. n = 7 or greater with at least 28 flies weighed per genotype. (C) Overexpression of Trk in the germ line (nos-Gal4) has no effect on terminal patterning because Trk requires Tsl activity, which is present only at the poles. PTTH overexpression, however, results in a grossly disrupted embryonic cuticle due to ubiquitous Tor signaling throughout the whole embryo, which is also shown by the greatly expanded tailless expression. This is unaffected by removal of tsl. Anterior is to the left and maternal genotypes are as indicated. Images are representatives of more than 60 embryos in each case. Error bars represent ±1 SEM for all graphs. ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05 from two-tailed t tests in all cases.