Rotenone treatment, but not shRNA, induces O2•− production. BC-8 and IMR-32 cells were treated with rotenone, hsp60 shRNA, or their combination for 24 and 48 h, treated with HE for 20 min in the dark, and analyzed by HPLC. Fluorescence products of HE were measured at an excitation of 358 nm and emission of 440 nm and the spectra are shown in the figure. Scrambled shRNA was also used and compared with control. The experiment was repeated at least ten times and a representative spectrum is shown.