Figure 3. Bacterial phylotypes in the small intestine whose population level increased upon PG-administration.

Percent increase was calculated by subtracting the percent population level of each specific phylotype found in the PG-administered mice with that found in the PBS control mice. Associations between bacterial phylotypes and PG administration were examined by Fisher exact test. The phylotypes having P values less than 0.05 at least in 2 groups (see Table S6) are shown. Asterisks *, ** and *** indicate bacterial phylotypes having P values less than 0.05 in 3, 4 and 5 groups, respectively. §: Saccharolytic bacteria, †: short-chain fatty acids-producing bacteria, ‡: bacteria with immunomodulatory effect, ▲: disease-associated bacteria.