Table 2.
Comparison between AD and NC participants from different education and age groups
| Education | All ages
|
Age < 75
|
Age ≥ 75
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD N = 217 | Control N = 185 | AD N = 43 | Control N = 115 | AD N = 174 | Control N = 70 | ||
| CVVLT-1 | 0–6 | 2.2 (1.7)* | 4.8 (1.3) | 2.9 (1.7)* | 4.9 (1.4) | 1.9 (1.7)* | 4.5 (1.3) |
| 7–11 | 2.6 (1.5)* | 4.8 (1.4) | 3.4 (2.9)* | 5.2 (1.5) | 2.4 (1.4)* | 4.4 (1.2) | |
| ≥ 12 | 2.4 (1.3)* | 5.2 (1.5) | 2.4 (1.6)* | 5.7 (1.4) | 2.4 (1.3)* | 4.5 (1.3) | |
| CVVLT-2 | 0–6 | 3.0 (1.9)* | 6.3 (1.1) | 3.5 (1.6)* | 6.5 (1.1) | 2.9 (2.1)* | 5.8 (1.3) |
| 7–11 | 3.4 (1.6)* | 6.7 (1.1) | 3.3 (1.8)* | 7.1 (1.0) | 3.4 (1.5)* | 6.2 (1.3) | |
| ≥ 12 | 3.4 (1.4)* | 7.0 (1.5) | 3.4 (1.6)* | 7.4 (1.4) | 3.4 (1.4)* | 6.2 (1.4) | |
| CVVLT-3 | 0–6 | 3.5 (1.9)* | 7.0 (1.2) | 4.2 (1.7)* | 7.2 (1.0) | 3.2 (1.9)* | 6.5 (1.7) |
| 7–11 | 3.8 (1.7)* | 7.4 (1.3) | 4.2 (2.2)* | 7.9 (1.0) | 3.7 (1.6)* | 6.9 (1.3) | |
| ≥ 12 | 4.00 (1.2)* | 7.6 (1.3) | 3.5 (1.1)* | 8.0 (1.1) | 4.1 (1.2)* | 7.0 (1.3) | |
| CVVLT-4 | 0–6 | 3.6 (1.9)* | 7.4 (0.8) | 4.3 (1.9)* | 7.3 (0.9) | 3.4 (1.9)* | 7.5 (0.6) |
| 7–11 | 4.0 (1.7)* | 7.9 (1.0) | 4.3 (2.0)* | 8.1 (0.8) | 3.9 (1.8)* | 7.6 (1.1) | |
| ≥ 12 | 4.1 (1.4)* | 8.0 (1.0) | 4.1 (1.5)* | 8.2 (0.9) | 4.1 (1.4)* | 7.7 (1.2) | |
| CVVLT-total | 0–6 | 12.3 (7.0)* | 25.4 (3.6) | 14.8 (6.4)* | 25.9 (3.4) | 11.3 (7.1)* | 23.3 (4.5) |
| 7–11 | 13.7 (5.9)* | 26 (4.3) | 15.0 (7.4)* | 27.6 (3.4) | 13.5 (5.6)* | 23.9 (4.5) | |
| ≥ 12 | 14 (4.0)* | 26.0 (4.4) | 13.4 (4.7)* | 27.7 (4.3) | 14.1 (3.9)* | 24 (4.5) | |
| CVVLT_30_sec | 0–6 | 2.2 (2.0)* | 7.1 (1.2) | 2.5 (2.1)* | 7.3 (1.4) | 2.0 (2.0)* | 6.8 (0.5) |
| 7–11 | 2.5 (1.9)* | 7.7 (1.4) | 2.1 (2.1)* | 7.9 (1.2) | 2.2 (1.8)* | 6.9 (1.6) | |
| ≥ 12 | 2.1 (1.7)* | 7.6 (1.7) | 1.8 (1.7)* | 7.8 (1.3) | 2.1 (1.7)* | 6.9 (1.8) | |
| CVVLT_10 min | 0–6 | 0.9 (1.7)* | 7.2 (1.4) | 1.1 (1.8)* | 7.3 (1.4) | 0.9 (1.8)* | 6.8 (1.7) |
| 7–11 | 0.9 (1.4)* | 7.7 (1.3) | 1.2 (1.5)* | 7.9 (1.2) | 0.8 (1.3)* | 6.7 (2.0) | |
| ≥ 12 | 0.9 (1.5)* | 7.3 (1.8) | 0.6 (1.0)* | 7.8 (1.3) | 1.0 (1.5)* | 6.5 (2.2) | |
| Recognition hit | 0–6 | 6.25 (2.7)* | 8.5 (0.7) | 4 (1.73)* | 8.33 (1.2) | 7.31 (1.6) | 8.56 (0.7) |
| 7–11 | 6.56 (2.6)* | 5.5 (1.9) | 7.8 (1.1) | 7.75 (3.4) | 6.63 (2.5)* | 8.93 (0.3) | |
| ≥ 12 | 6.9 (2.6)* | 8.6 (0.8) | 3.67 (3.5)* | 8.66 (0.5) | 7.75 (1.6) | 8.64 (0.7) | |
| Cue recall | 0–6 | 1.39 (1.8)* | 7.5 (1.2) | 0.4 (0.5)* | 8.33 (1.2) | 1.62 (1.6)* | 7.33 (1.1) |
| 7–11 | 1.74 (1.6)* | 7.91 (1.2) | 1.4 (2.1)* | 8.17 (1.03) | 2.38 (0.9) | 8.14 (1.1) | |
| ≥ 12 | 2.03 (1.8)* | 7.82 (1.3) | 1 (1.7) | 8.03 (0.9) | 1.63 (2.1) | 7.95 (1.3) | |
Note.
*
p < .001 when comparing AD with age and education matched controls. CVVLT = Chinese Version Verbal Learning Test, AD = Alzheimer dementia. The three education groups are: n = 80 for education 0–6 years group, n = 137 for education 7–11 years group, and n = 185 for education ≥ 12 years.