Table 4. Metabolic cardiovascular risk factors according to family income and maternal schooling at birth, stratified by sex.
| Mean systolic blood pressure in mmHg (SE) | Mean diastolic blood pressure in mmHg (SE) | Mean triglycerides in mg/dL (SE) # | Mean HDL cholesterol in mg/dL (SE) | Mean non-fasting glucose in mg/dL (SE) | Mean body mass index in kg/m2 (SE) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MALES | ||||||
| Family income at birth in multiples of 1982 minimum wages | P = 0.31 @ | P = 0.22 @ | P < 0.001* | P < 0.001 @ | P = 0.43 @ | P < 0.001* |
| ≤ 1 | 123.2 (0.69) | 75.9 (0.57) | 88.6 (1.03) | 51.9 (0.58) | 100.0 (0.83) | 23.2 (0.18) |
| 1.1-3 | 123.7 (0.44) | 75.6 (0.36) | 97.8 (1.02) | 50.8 (0.36) | 99.3 (0.47) | 23.7 (0.12) |
| 3.1-6 | 123.2 (0.70) | 75.3 (0.55) | 102.4 (1.03) | 51.6 (0.61) | 100.6 (0.97) | 24.3 (0.21) |
| 6.1-10 | 124.4 (1.22) | 77.9 (0.98) | 105.1 (1.06) | 55.2 (1.02) | 100.7 (1.65) | 24.2 (0.38) |
| > 10 | 123.0 (1.27) | 75.0 (1.02) | 102.9 (1.06) | 53.9 (1.02) | 98.1 (1.38) | 24.8 (0.36) |
| Maternal schooling at birth (in years) | P = 0.49 @ | P = 0.64 @ | P = 0.001* | P = 0.05* | P = 0.18 @ | P < 0.001* |
| ≤ 4 | 123.7 (0.55) | 75.8 (0.45) | 93.3 (1.02) | 51.1 (0.46) | 98.8 (0.56) | 23.4 (0.14) |
| 5-8 | 123.0 (0.46) | 75.4 (0.38) | 96.9 (1.02) | 51.6 (0.38) | 100.6 (0.60) | 23.8 (0.13) |
| 9-11 | 124.4 (0.88) | 76.3 (0.70) | 102.5 (1.04) | 51.2 (0.76) | 99.8 (1.11) | 24.1 (0.26) |
| ≥ 12 | 123.9 (0.84) | 76.1 (0.65) | 106.1 (1.04) | 53.1 (0.69) | 99.3 (0.88) | 24.6 (0.27) |
| FEMALES | ||||||
| Family income at birth in multiples of 1982 minimum wages | P = 0.94 @ | P = 0.49 @ | P < 0.001* | P < 0.001* | P = 0.93 @ | P < 0.001* |
| ≤ 1 | 111.1 (0.69) | 71.2 (0.59) | 81.9 (1.02) | 56.9 (0.66) | 94.8 (0.77) | 23.7 (0.27) |
| 1.1-3 | 111.3 (0.41) | 71.0 (0.34) | 85.6 (1.02) | 58.3 (0.42) | 94.7 (0.44) | 23.6 (0.15) |
| 3.1-6 | 111.2 (0.61) | 72.2 (0.49) | 89.5 (1.03) | 62.0 (0.73) | 95.0 (0.79) | 23.3 (0.22) |
| 6.1-10 | 110.4 (1.16) | 70.9 (0.93) | 86.7 (1.05) | 63.3 (1.40) | 94.4 (1.46) | 22.7 (0.33) |
| > 10 | 110.6 (1.18) | 71.3 (0.94) | 90.4 (1.05) | 67.3 (1.37) | 96.0 (1.44) | 21.6 (0.25) |
| Maternal schooling at birth (in years) | P = 0.30* | P = 0.02* | P = 0.005* | P < 0.001* | P = 0.17* | P < 0.001* |
| ≤ 4 | 110.9 (0.51) | 70.7 (0.43) | 84.5 (1.02) | 57.1 (0.50) | 95.2 (0.58) | 23.9 (0.20) |
| 5-8 | 111.1 (0.44) | 71.3 (0.36) | 84.1 (1.02) | 58.8 (0.47) | 94.8 (0.49) | 23.5 (0.17) |
| 9-11 | 111.4 (0.83) | 72.0 (0.73) | 89.2 (1.03) | 61.3 (1.00) | 94.7 (0.96) | 22.8 (0.26) |
| ≥ 12 | 111.8 (0.74) | 72.2 (0.57) | 93.0 (1.03) | 65.7 (0.84) | 93.7 (0.92) | 22.2 (0.19) |
*
test for linear trend
@ test for heterogeneity
# geometric mean