Table 2. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) analyses of traits related to growth, gas exchange and leaf morphology, biomass and biomass allocation in eight native and eight invasive populations of Acer negundo along a nutrient gradient.
| Source of variation | |||||||||||
| Nutrient | Range | Nutrient × range | Population (range) | Nutrient × population (range) | |||||||
| Traits | AIC | F | P | F | P | F | P | LLR | P | LLR | P |
| Growth | |||||||||||
| Diameter (mm) | 5237.0 | 55.93 | <.0001 | 5.92 | 0.0289 | 0.14 | 0.8718 | 12.3 | 0.0004 | 2.9 | 0.0885 |
| Height (cm) | 11004.7 | 39.43 | <.0001 | 39.33 | <.0001 | 2.37 | 0.1123 | 5.3 | 0.0213 | 4.2 | 0.0404 |
| Leaf traits | |||||||||||
| A area (µmol CO2.m−2.s−1) | 784.7 | 38.09 | <.0001 | 0.04 | 0.8392 | 0.00 | 0.9980 | 2.7 | 0.1003 | 5.2 | 0.0226 |
| A mass (µmol CO2.g−1.s−1) | −467.9 | 31.78 | <.0001 | 0.06 | 0.8098 | 0.24 | 0.7876 | 0.3 | 0.5839 | 0.9 | 0.3428 |
| Narea (g N.m−2) | 1.9 | 116.61 | <.0001 | 28.96 | <.0001 | 2.95 | 0.0543 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.0 | 1 |
| Nmass (%) | 486.0 | 194.18 | <.0001 | 7.58 | 0.0087 | 0.13 | 0.8772 | 0.5 | 0.4795 | 2.8 | 0.0943 |
| PNUE (µmol CO2.g−1 N.s−1) | 929.2 | 17.91 | <.0001 | 2.86 | 0.1135 | 0.03 | 0.9748 | 2.8 | 0.0943 | 0.6 | 0.4386 |
| LMA (g.m−2) | 2032.0 | 0.97 | 0.4069 | 8.94 | 0.0098 | 0.10 | 0.9087 | 0.7 | 0.4028 | 1.1 | 0.2943 |
| Ls (cm2) | 2343.6 | 14.44 | <.0001 | 20.21 | 0.0005 | 0.31 | 0.7393 | 0.8 | 0.3711 | 0.2 | 0.6547 |
| Biomass | |||||||||||
| W t (g) | 2590.9 | 17.06 | <.0001 | 0.02 | 0.8985 | 0.23 | 0.7928 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.9 | 0.3428 |
| W a (g) | 2454.3 | 18.93 | 0.0002 | 1.24 | 0.2709 | 0.25 | 0.7803 | 0.0 | 1 | 1.5 | 0.2207 |
| W l (g) | 1559.5 | 37.29 | <.0001 | 0.16 | 0.6915 | 0.11 | 0.8944 | 0.0 | 1 | 1.0 | 0.3173 |
| W s (g) | 2338.2 | 14.51 | 0.0006 | 1.60 | 0.2132 | 0.35 | 0.7099 | 0.0 | 1 | 1.5 | 0.2207 |
| W r (g) | 1886.0 | 9.47 | 0.0001 | 10.74 | 0.0059 | 0.24 | 0.7837 | 0.0 | 1 | 1.1 | 0.2943 |
| A l (m2) | −609.1 | 14.42 | 0.0012 | 5.62 | 0.0326 | 1.45 | 0.2355 | 1.3 | 0.2542 | 0.5 | 0.4795 |
| Biomass allocation | |||||||||||
| RSR (g.g−1) | −308.2 | 20.25 | <.0001 | 54.33 | <.0001 | 0.38 | 0.6846 | 0.7 | 0.4028 | 3.0 | 0.0833 |
| LWR (g leaf.g−1 plant) | −1011.7 | 32.35 | <.0001 | 5.22 | 0.0277 | 1.74 | 0.1893 | 0.7 | 0.4028 | 0.7 | 0.4028 |
| SWR (g stem.g−1 plant) | −772.7 | 0.06 | 0.9401 | 66.33 | <.0001 | 2.43 | 0.1068 | 1.6 | 0.2060 | 4.2 | 0.0404 |
| RWR (g root.g−1 plant) | −705.8 | 17.63 | <.0001 | 53.89 | <.0001 | 0.11 | 0.8943 | 1.3 | 0.2542 | 3.7 | 0.0544 |
| LAR (m2 leaf.g−1 leaf) | −2577.3 | 29.76 | <.0001 | 9.40 | 0.0083 | 0.79 | 0.4631 | 0.1 | 0.7518 | 2.9 | 0.0886 |
F values are given for fixed effects while log likelihood ratios (LLR) are given for random effects. Statistically significant values (P<0.05) are shown in bold and marginally significant values (P<0.1) are shown in italic. The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) value of the model used is given for each variable. See text for definition of terms.