Table 4. Plasticity Index (PI; Valladares et al. 2000) along a nutrient gradient for populations of Acer negundo from the native and invasive ranges.

	PI low-to-medium nutrient levels		PI medium-to-high nutrient levels
Traits	Invasive	Native	Invasive	Native
Growth
Height	−0.22±0.03	−0.17±0.03	−0.04±0.03	−0.01±0.04
Diameter	−0.14±0.02	−0.13±0.02	−0.06±0.03	−0.07±0.02
Leaf traits
A area	−0.44±0.04	−0.43±0.05	−0.14±0.11	−0.14±0.09
A mass	−0.38±0.04	−0.38±0.09	−0.13±0.10	−0.07±0.08
Narea	−0.38±0.03	−0.35±0.03	−0.43±0.02	−0.43±0.05
Nmass	−0.31±0.07	−0.32±0.05	−0.43±0.02	−0.39±0.04
PNUE	−0.14±0.07	−0.17±0.09	0.33±0.07	0.35±0.06
LMA	−0.06±0.05	−0.02±0.07	0.01±0.03	−0.02±0.08
Ls	−0.12±0.06	−0.08±0.07	−0.17±0.05	−0.09±0.05
Biomass
W t	−0.30±0.09	−0.35±0.10	−0.07±0.06	−0.07±0.10
W a	−0.32±0.10	−0.39±0.09	−0.10±0.06	−0.10±0.11
W l	−0.40±0.08	−0.43±0.08	−0.21±0.06	−0.13±0.10
W s	−0.29±0.10	−0.37±0.10	−0.07±0.06	−0.09±0.12
W r	−0.23±0.11	−0.28±0.09	−0.01±0.08	0.00±0.08
A l	−0.40±0.08	−0.39±0.09	−0.18±0.06	−0.13±0.05
Biomass allocation
RSR	0.14±0.09	0.20±0.06	0.09±0.06	0.11±0.06
LWR	−0.18±0.06	−0.17±0.03	−0.13±0.04	−0.06±0.04
SWR	0.00±0.03	−0.05±0.03	0.01±0.02	−0.02±0.03
RWR	0.12±0.07	0.14±0.05	0.06±0.05	0.07±0.04
LAR	−0.12±0.09	−0.12±0.08	−0.15±0.07	−0.03±0.11

Comparisons of PI using a Generalized Linear Mixed Model with range as a fixed factor and population nested within range as a random factor. See text for definition of terms.