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. 2013 Jul 3;14(5):635–643. doi: 10.1007/s10162-013-0403-2

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© The Author(s) 2013

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.

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FIG. 4 — LPS treatment causes inflammation. A, B Whole-mounted semicircular canal ampullae, utricle, and saccule double labeled for F4/80 (green) and GS-IB4 (red) in the control (A) and LPS-treated groups (B). The scale bar is 100 μm. C, D F4/80-positive macrophage population in whole-mounted semicircular canal ampullae, utricle, and saccule is significantly increased with LPS treatment [C, n = 5, P _{(control vs LPS treatment/posterior ampullae)} = 0.015; P _{(control vs LPS treatment/utricle)} = 0.004; P _{(control vs LPS treatment/saccule)} = 0.025]. The identified PVM/Ms do not show the same level of cell number response to LPS as macrophages (D, n = 5, P _{(control vs LPS treatment in all regions)} > 0.05).