Table 2.
Associates of health status
| Health status domain | Constant | Type Da (P value) | Anxiety symptomsb (P value) | Depressive symptomsc (P value) | History of anxiety disorderd (P value) | History of depressive disorderd (P value) | NYHA class (P value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social functioning | 91.4 | −7.0 (0.11) | −17.4 (<0.001) | −13.2 (0.010) | −6.6 (0.30) | −1.2 (0.80) | −7.3 (0.019) |
| Vitality | 70.3 | −9.2 (0.007) | −13.6 (<0.001) | −4.7 (0.24) | −0.2 (0.97) | −2.6 (0.47) | −12.8 (<0.001) |
| Mental health | 84.4 | −11.5 (<0.001) | −17.9 (<0.001) | −2.7 (0.39) | −4.1 (0.29) | −3.0 (0.29) | −3.3 (0.082) |
| General health perception | 41.2 | −6.2 (0.04) | −7.7 (0.01) | −9.6 (0.008) | −2.7 (0.54) | −4.9 (0.13) | −8.0 (<0.001) |
| Role limitation (emotional) | 94.0 | −10.2 (0.11) | −24.3 (<0.001) | −14.8 (0.04) | −15.6 (0.09) | −0.7 (0.92) | −16.8 (<0.001) |
| Bodily pain | 94.8 | −10.1 (0.02) | −10.8 (0.01) | −8.5 (0.10) | −16.5 (0.01) | 0.0 (0.99) | −6.6 (0.04) |
| Role limitation (physical) | 96.5 | −1.7 (0.81) | −19.2 (0.005) | −13.5 (0.10) | −2.9 (0.77) | 5.5 (0.46) | −29.8 (<0.001) |
| Physical functioning | 109.0 | −4.3 (0.32) | −9.1 (0.03) | −8.6 (0.09) | 1.8 (0.77) | −7.0 (0.13) | −16.3 (<0.001) |
The negative coefficients represent the amount by which the health status values are lower for patients with either a type D personality, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, a history of anxiety or depressive disorder, and a lower NYHA functional class score, compared to patients without these factors. For each health status domain, only the significant covariates are presented. All analyses were adjusted for age, gender, LVEF, and ICD indication; these were not significantly related to any of the domains
NYHA class New York Heart Association functional class
aType D caseness, as assessed with the Type D Scale (DS14)
bSymptoms of anxiety, as indicated by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
cSymptoms of depression, as indicated by the HADS, depression component: depressive symptoms present
dHistory of anxiety or depressive disorder, as measured with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI)