Table 3.

Comparison of outcomes for patients with bacterial vs. fungal VAD infections.

Outcomes	Bacterial infection N=85	Fungal infection N=23	p-value
Exchange/explantation of VAD	22 (25.9%)	8 (34.8%)	0.4
Incision and drainage of VAD	30 (35.3%)	11 (47.8%)	0.27
Clinical Cure	45 (56.3%)	4 (17.4%)	0.001
Microbiological cure	47 (61.8%)	5 (22.7%)	0.001
Number of VAD infections (mean ± SD)	1.56 (± 0.75)	2.17 (± 1.19)	0.003
Heart transplant	31 (36.5%)	4 (17.4%)	0.08
Death related to VAD infection	27 (31.8%)	15 (65.2%)	0.004
All-cause mortality	52 (61.9%)	21 (91.3%)	0.007

All comparisons, except for number of VAD infections, remained similar in statistical significance when analysis was repeated with a modified fungal group that excluded 7 patients who had a preceding bacterial VAD infection prior to development of a fungal VAD infection.