Figure 5.

Images following application of liposomes within the urinary bladder. A: representative image showing a typical liposome (×4,000; Lipella, Inc.). B: liposomes instilled in a rat bladder forming a coating (in green) on urothelial surface. C: intravesical instillation of protamine sulfate (PS) in rat urinary bladder exhibit damaged urothelium. D: intravesical instillation of PS followed by liposomes in rat urinary bladder exhibit an intact urothelium, demonstrating a protective effect of liposomes on urothelial barrier. [From Kaufman et al. (154).]