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. 2013 Sep 10;7:123. doi: 10.3389/fncom.2013.00123

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Copyright © 2013 Ivanenko, Cappellini, Solopova, Grishin, MacLellan, Poppele and Lacquaniti.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Motor patterns in healthy volunteers. (A) Ensemble-averaged EMGs (n = 8 subjects) recorded from 10 ipsilateral leg muscles during walking on a treadmill at 5, 7, and 9 km/h. At 9 km/h, there is an “atypical” burst of activity in several thigh muscles that is synchronous with the peak activity in the calf muscles [the data are illustrated from Ivanenko et al. (2008)]. ST, semitendinosus; BF, biceps femoris; TFL, tensor fascia latae; SART, Sartorius; Gmed, RF, rectus femoris; VM, vastus medialis; VL, vastus lateralis; MG, gastrocnemius medialis; LG, gastrocnemius lateralis; SOL, soleus; TA, tibialis anterior. (B) ensemble-averaged (±SD) ankle, knee and hip moments of force (normalized to the subject's weight) of the right leg during overground walking at about the same speeds (as in panel A) in one representative healthy subject.