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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Sep 15.
Published in final edited form as: Bioorg Med Chem. 2013 Jul 25;21(18):5673–5678. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.07.033

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Effects of reported FtsZ inhibitors on Z-ring structure using envA1 E. coli and fluorescent FtsZ proteins. (A) Known FtsZ inhibitors zantrin Z1 (3), zantrin Z3 (4), and berberine (5). In panels B–H, the strain and treatment (inhibitor or control) are shown above the individual images, and fluorescence and merged fluorescence/DIC appear in the top and bottom panels, respectively. Inhibitor concentrations used approximate the MIC90 value of each compound toward the growth of envA1 E. coli. Treatment of envA1/pFtsZ-YFP with (B) 1% DMSO for 30 min; (C) 4.9 µM zantrin Z1 in 1% DMSO, 30 min, arrows indicate FtsZ polarization; (D) 120 µM zantrin Z3 in 1% DMSO, 30 min; (E) 680 µM berberine in 1% DMSO, 30 min. (F) Treatment of untransformed envA1 E. coli with 680 µM berberine in 1% DMSO, 30 min. Fluorescence is attributed solely to berberine. (G) Fluorescence micrographs of arabinose-induced envA1/pFtsZ-RFP in the presence of 1% DMSO, 30 min. (H) envA1/pFtsZ-RFP treated with 680 µM berberine, 30 min. Top panel, red fluorescence (ex 555, em 630); middle panel, yellow fluorescence (ex 488, em 558); and bottom panel, red/yellow fluorescence merged (channel 1: ex 488, channel 2: ex 555, em 605). All images were acquired with a 100× lens; white scale bars, 2 µm.