Table 3.
Adjusted Odds Ratio for Predictors of Smoking Trajectory Group Membership
| Nonsmokers vs. stable light/occasional smokers | Nonsmokers vs. accelerating smokers | Stable light/occasional smokers vs. accelerating smokers | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p value | |
| Family characteristics | ||||||
| Family relationships | 0.67 (0.58–0.77) | <.0001 | 0.24 (0.14–0.41) | <.0001 | 0.36 (0.21–0.61) | .00 |
| Parental disapproval | 0.66 (0.5–0.88) | <.005 | 0.29 (0.16–0.52) | <.0001 | 0.43 (0.24–0.77) | .00 |
| Family disharmony | 1.53 (1.32–1.77) | <.0001 | 2.16 (1.36–3.42) | <.005 | 1.41 (0.89–2.23) | .14 |
| Parental smoking | 1.52 (1.28–1.81) | <.0001 | 1.59 (0.88–2.86) | .12 | 1.04 (0.58–1.88) | .89 |
| Parental sanctioning of smoking | 0.57 (0.33–0.99) | .04 | 0.44 (0.12–1.54) | .20 | 0.77 (0.23–2.59) | .67 |
| Peer characteristics | ||||||
| Peer sanctioning of smoking | 0.59 (0.45–0.76) | <.0001 | 0.28 (0.16–0.48) | <.0001 | 0.47 (0.28–0.8) | .00 |
| Peer isolation | 1.13 (0.98–1.31) | .09 | 1.24 (0.78–1.96) | .37 | 1.09 (0.69–1.72) | .71 |
| Friend smoking norm | 1.39 (1.2–1.6) | <.0001 | 5 (2.96–8.44) | <.0001 | 3.6 (2.14–6.06) | <.0001 |
| School characteristics | ||||||
| Trouble with teachers | 1.33 (1.15–1.53) | <.001 | 2.07 (1.29–3.32) | <.005 | 1.56 (0.97–2.5) | .07 |
| Like of school | 0.73 (0.6–0.88) | <.001 | 0.59 (0.35–1.02) | .06 | 0.82 (0.48–1.39) | .46 |
| Teacher sanctioning of smoking | 0.45 (0.26–0.77) | <.005 | 0.62 (0.14–2.77) | .53 | 1.38 (0.32–5.88) | .67 |
| GPA | 0.87 (0.81–0.93) | <.0001 | 0.52 (0.43–0.63) | <.0001 | 0.6 (0.49–0.73) | <.0001 |
| School performance | 0.86 (0.8–0.93) | <.0001 | 0.62 (0.49–0.78) | <.0001 | 0.72 (0.57–0.9) | .00 |
| Individual characteristics | ||||||
| Depressive symptoms | 1.61 (1.39–1.87) | <.0001 | 2.78 (1.75–4.41) | <.0001 | 1.72 (1.09–2.73) | .02 |
| Attitudes toward smoking | 1.71 (1.48–1.97) | <.0001 | 3.43 (2.09–5.63) | <.0001 | 2.01 (1.23–3.28) | .01 |
| Alcohol drinking | 2.09 (1.73–2.51) | <.0001 | 4 (2.46–6.52) | <.0001 | 1.92 (1.19–3.09) | .01 |
Notes. OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.
Nonsmokers was the reference group for comparisons between nonsmokers versus Stable light/occasional smokers or accelerating smokers. Stable light/occasional smokers was the reference group for the comparison of stable light/occasional smokers versusaccelerating smokers. Gender, urbanicity, parental education levels, and school enrollment were adjusted in the multinomial logistic regressions.