Table 3.
Summary of studies, clustered by world regions, which evaluate the association of the EBV with gastric carcinomas.
| Country | Techniques | Freq. | % | Tumor type | Cell type stained | Reference | Year |
| USA | PCR | 1/1 | 100 | Lymphoepithelial type carcinoma | Tumor cells | 7 | 1990 |
| PCR | NR | - | carcinoma | tumour cells | 47 | 1992 | |
| ISH-DNA* | 22/138 | 16 | Dysplastic epithelium | ||||
| ISH-EBER1 | 22/138 | 16 | |||||
| ISH-EBER1 | 11/95 | 12 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | 18 | 1996 | |
| Dysplastic epithelium | |||||||
| ISH-EBER | 12/235 | 5.1 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | 56 | 2009 | |
| Mexico | ISH-EBER1 | 11/135 | 8.1 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | 21 | 1999 |
| Brazil | ISH-EBER1 | 24/300 | 8 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | 27 | 2001 |
| ISH-EBER1 | 6/53 | 11.3 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | 33 | 2004 | |
| Colombia | ISH-EBER1 | 23/178 | 13 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | 8 | 2003 |
| Peru | ISH-EBER1 | 10/254 | 3.9 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | 59 | 2005 |
| Chile | ISH-EBER1 | 22/93 | 23.6 | Carcinoma (only cardia tumors) | Tumor cells | 10 | 2005 |
| UK | ISH-EBER1 | 3/168 | 1.8 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | 43 | 1993 |
| England | ISH-EBER1 | 0/17 | 0 | Carcinoma | - | 49 | 1994 |
| France | ISH-EBER1 | 5/59 | 8.5 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | ||
| Surrouding lymphocytes | 46 | 1996 | |||||
| Germany | ISH-EBER1 | 7/39 | 18 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | 40 | 1994 |
| ISH-EBER | 18/92 | 19.5 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | 15 | 2011 | |
| Italy | PCR | 4/65 | 6.1 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | 31 | 1993 |
| ISH-EBER1 | 3/65 | 4.6 | |||||
| Japan | ISH-EBER1 | 120/1795 | 6.7 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | 54 | 1993 |
| Surrouding lymphocytes | |||||||
| PCR | NR | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | 13 | 1994 | ||
| ISH-EBER1 | 8/72 | 11 | Surrouding lymphocytes | ||||
| Non-neoplastic epithelium | |||||||
| PCR | 46/99 | 47 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | 37 | 1994 | |
| ISH-EBER1 | 4/42 | 9.5 | |||||
| ISH-EBER1 | 33/513 | 6.4 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | 52 | 1999 | |
| Surrouding lymphocytes | |||||||
| ISH-EBER1 | 23/119 | 19.3 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | 22 | 2001 | |
| 9.5 | Carcinoma | ||||||
| Tumor cells | 37 | 1994 | |||||
| Surrouding lymphocytes | |||||||
| PCR | 21/97 | 21.6 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | 38 | 2003 | |
| ISH-EBER1 | 5/97 | 5.2 | Surrouding lymphocytes | ||||
| ISH-EBER1 | 28/417 | 6.7 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | 24 | 2003 | |
| China | ISH-EBER1 | 7/74 | 9.5 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells Dysplastic epithelium Surrouding lymphocytes |
||
| ISH-EBER1 | 13/185 | 7 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | 57 | 2004 | |
| ISH-EBER1 | 11/172 | 6.4 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | 34 | 2005 | |
| 13/185 | - | 7.03 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | 35 | 2006 | |
| 60 | 1994 | PCR-Southern blot | ISH-EBER1 | NR | |||
| ISH-EBER1 | 45/676 | 6.7 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | 19 | 2010 | |
| Thailand | PCR | ISH-EBER1 | NR | 6/55 | - | ||
| 11 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | Dysplastic epithelium | 20 | 1995 | ||
| Korea | ISH-EBER1 | 12/89 | 13.5 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | 48 | 1996 |
| ISH-EBER1 | 17/306 | 5.6 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | |||
| Surrouding lymphocytes | 9 | 2001 | |||||
| ISH-EBER1 | 63/1127 | 5.6 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | 30 | 2004 | |
| ISH-EBER | 23/117 | 19.6 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | 25 | 2010 | |
| ISH-EBER | 18/247 | 7.3 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | 26 | 2010 | |
| Russia | ISH-EBER1 | 18/206 | 8.7 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | 14 | 1997 |
| Malaysia | ISH-EBER1 | 5/50 | 10 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | 23 | 2003 |
| New Guinea | ISH-EBER1 | 2/150 | 1.3 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | 36 | 2004 |
| Kazakhstan | ISH-EBER1 | 14/139 | 10.1 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | 2 | 2005 |
| Tunisia | ISH-EBER | 35/96 | 4/96 | 36.4 | |||
| 4.1 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | |||||
| Non-neoplastic hyperplastic epithelial cells | 55 | 2009 | |||||
| Iran | ISH-EBER1 | 9/273 | 3.2 | Carcinoma | Tumor cells | 1 | 2007 |
*
ISH targeted to the viral DNA NR, not reported