Table 1.
Participant characteristics, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, Exam 5 (April 2010– February 2012, M (SD) or %
| Overall (N=4552) | Very Car-Dependent (n=1136) | Car-Dependent (n=786) | Somewhat Walkable (n=884) | Very Walkable (n=856) | Walker’s Paradise (n=890) | p-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 69.8 (9.4) | 69.9 (8.8) | 70.1 (9.6) | 69.0 (9.6) | 69.9 (9.6) | 70.1 (9.6) | 0.0914 |
| Female | 53.2 | 50.3 | 52.2 | 53.3 | 52.9 | 58.0 | 0.0142 |
| Race/ethnicity | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 41.1 | 54.3 | 38.2 | 34.1 | 33.5 | 40.9 | |
| Non-Hispanic Chinese | 11.6 | 5.7 | 14.5 | 16.7 | 19.3 | 4.3 | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 26.3 | 29.9 | 27.7 | 25.3 | 23.6 | 24.2 | |
| Hispanic | 21.0 | 10.0 | 19.6 | 23.9 | 23.6 | 30.7 | |
| Education | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Less than high school | 13.9 | 6.4 | 12.9 | 17.0 | 18.0 | 17.2 | |
| High school but less than college | 46.6 | 48.0 | 52.6 | 52.5 | 41.2 | 38.8 | |
| College or higher | 39.6 | 45.7 | 34.5 | 30.5 | 40.8 | 44.0 | |
| Income (in thousands of $) | 58.5 (44.6) | 69.4 (45.1) | 55.5 (40.6) | 48.6 (38.0) | 53.2 (44.3) | 62.8 (50.0) | <0.0001 |
| Study Site | |||||||
| Los Angeles CA | 15.2 | 4.9 | 20.5 | 28.1 | 24.0 | 2.3 | <0.0001 |
| Chicago IL | 17.1 | 4.6 | 7.3 | 15.6 | 32.7 | 28.3 | |
| Baltimore MD | 13.0 | 14.8 | 24.3 | 14.6 | 8.3 | 3.7 | |
| St Paul MN | 14.5 | 9.1 | 19.9 | 30.9 | 13.8 | 1.0 | |
| New York NY | 15.5 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 15.3 | 62.7 | |
| Forsyth County NC | 15.3 | 45.3 | 15.8 | 4.5 | 1.8 | 0.0 | |
| Otherc | 9.5 | 21.3 | 11.6 | 5.3 | 4.2 | 2.0 | |
| Currently working | 43.8 | 45.2 | 45.5 | 43.5 | 42.7 | 41.7 | 0.4202 |
| BMI | 28.5 (5.7) | 28.9 (5.6) | 28.7 (5.5) | 28.6 (5.8) | 27.8 (5.7) | 28.2 (5.7) | 0.0004 |
| Health Compared to Others | |||||||
| Better | 59.4 | 62.0 | 59.2 | 54.4 | 58.1 | 62.7 | 0.0014 |
| Same | 35.3 | 33.9 | 36.0 | 39.6 | 34.7 | 32.7 | |
| Worse | 5.3 | 4.1 | 4.9 | 6.1 | 7.3 | 4.6 | |
| Transport Walking (minutes/week) | |||||||
| Report 0 | 22.3 | 30.4 | 27.1 | 28.5 | 17.9 | 5.8 | <0.0001 |
| Mb | 390.1 (451.1) | 356.1 (431.9) | 339.6 (436.7) | 367.6 (452.3) | 359.1 (443.1) | 499.8 (467.1) | <0.0001 |
| Leisure Walking (minutes/week) | |||||||
| Report 0 | 36.1 | 31.9 | 38.9 | 38.6 | 39.4 | 33.6 | 0.0004 |
| M b | 361.0 (400.8) | 333.3 (384.4) | 325.9 (360.5) | 326.6 (374.3) | 346.2 (378.2) | 470.6 (471.6) | <0.0001 |
Note: Table is for participants included in analyses for the full sample and by Street Smart Walk Score® category.
a
p-value from Chi-square test for categoric variables and one-way ANOVA for continuous variables
b
Minutes of walking per week among participants who report any walking
c
Other=moved outside MESA study sites.