. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: Am Sociol Rev. 2013 Jun;78(3):477–502. doi: 10.1177/0003122413484151

Table A2.

Associations between Hourly Wages (ln), Union Status, and Parenthood from Fixed-Effects Models, Imputed Wages for Non-employed Individuals

	Women	Men	P-Value of Difference
Married	.041^*** (.011)	.081^*** (.010)	.010
Cohabiting	.038^** (.013)	.062^*** (.011)	.146
Divorced	.050^** (.016)	.022 (.014)	.186
1 Child	−.064^*** (.017)	.015 (.014)	<.001
X Married	−.008 (.017)	.008 (.015)	.485
2+ Children	−.138^*** (.021)	−.026 (.019)	<.001
X Married	−.033 (.019)	.076^*** (.018)	<.001
Person-Year Observations	56,393	62,067
Individuals	3,915	4,411
Overall R²	.27	.28

Note: Results presented are coefficients with clustered standard errors in parentheses. Childless, single women and men are the excluded categories. Models control for a respondent’s region of residence, whether her health limits her work, her potential experience, her education, the interaction between her education and her potential experience, the interaction between her AFQT score and her potential experience, and the year. We imputed wages for non-employed individuals using an individual’s subsequent or most recent wage. It is not possible to reject the joint null hypothesis of no interaction between marriage and parenthood for women (F(2, 3914) = 1.51, p = .22) but it is for men (F(2, 4410) = 10.22, p < .001). It is also possible to reject the joint null hypothesis that the interaction between marriage and parenthood is the same for men and women (F(2, 8325) = 9.38, p < .001).

p < .05;

^**

p < .01;

^***

p < .001 (two-tailed tests).