Table A4.
Associations between Hourly Wages (ln), Union Status, and Parenthood from Fixed-Effects Models, Anticipation
| Anticipation of Marriage | Anticipation of Parenthood | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Women | Men |
P-Value of Difference |
Women | Men |
P-Value of Difference |
|
| Marry Next Year | .036** (.012) |
.046*** (.011) |
.520 | |||
| X Cohabiting | .002 (.025) |
−.047* (.023) |
.154 | |||
| Parent Next Year | −.020 (.019) |
.029 (.018) |
.061 | |||
| X Married | .034 (.022) |
−.032 (.021) |
.030 | |||
| Married | .046*** (.013) |
.082*** (.011) |
.029 | .034** (.012) |
.075*** (.011) |
.011 |
| Cohabiting | .034* (.013) |
.064*** (.013) |
.102 | .037** (.012) |
.057*** (.011) |
.216 |
| Divorced | .051** (.017) |
.029* (.014) |
.312 | .045** (.016) |
.019 (.014) |
.230 |
| 1 Child | −.048** (.017) |
.011 (.014) |
.007 | −.053** (.018) |
.014 (.014) |
.004 |
| X Married | −.014 (.018) |
.009 (.015) |
.329 | −.007 (.019) |
.005 (.015) |
.614 |
| 2+ Children | −.132*** (.023) |
−.030 (.019) |
.001 | −.139*** (.024) |
−.030 (.019) |
<.001 |
| X Married | −.019 (.021) |
.080*** (.018) |
<.001 | −.012 (.021) |
.078*** (.018) |
.001 |
| Person-Year Observations | 46,240 | 56,404 | 46,240 | 56,404 | ||
| Individuals | 3,915 | 4,411 | 3,915 | 4,411 | ||
| Overall R2 | .25 | .28 | .25 | .28 | ||
Note: Results presented are coefficients with clustered standard errors in parentheses. Childless, single women and men are the excluded categories. Models control for a respondent’s region of residence, whether her health limits her work, her potential experience, her education, the interaction between her education and her potential experience, the interaction between her AFQT score and her potential experience, and the year. It is not possible to reject the joint null hypothesis of no interaction between marriage and parenthood for women in either the anticipation of marriage (F(2, 3914) = .53, p = .59) or the anticipation of parenthood (F(2, 3914) = .16, p = .85) model, but it is for men in both models (F(2, 4410) = 11.35, p < .001, and F(2, 4410) = 11.14, p < .001, respectively). It is also possible to reject the joint null hypothesis that the interaction between marriage and parenthood is the same for men and women in both models (F(2, 8325) = 6.90, p = .001, and F(2, 8325) = 5.77, p = .003, respectively).
p < .05;
p < .01;
p < .001 (two-tailed tests).