Table 1.

Multidisciplinary management of several common cancers treated with curative intent

	Role of Surgery, and Type of Surgery	Role of Chemotherapy or Other Systemic Therapy, and Example Agents	Role of Radiation Therapy, and Type of Therapy*
Prostate cancer	Primary local therapy Radical prostatectomy Pelvic lymph node dissection	Concurrent therapy with radiation Hormonal therapy (bicalutamide, leuprolide, zoladex)	Primary local therapy Adjuvant therapy after surgery External beam RT to the prostate or prostate bed, with or without pelvic lymph nodes Brachytherapy to the prostate
Breast cancer	Primary local therapy Lumpectomy Modified radical mastectomy Axillary lymph node dissection or sentinel lymph node biopsy	Neoadjuvant therapy before surgery Adjuvant therapy after surgery Cyclophosphamide, docetaxel, doxorubicin, paclitaxel, trastuzumab, Hormonal therapy (anastrazole, letrozole, tamoxifen)	Adjuvant therapy after surgery External beam RT to the breast or chest wall, with or without axillary and internal mammary lymph nodes
Lung cancer	Primary local therapy Lobectomy Pneumonectomy Hilar and mediastinal lymph node dissection	Adjuvant therapy after surgery Concurrent therapy with radiation cisplatin, carboplatin, etoposide, paclitaxel	Primary local therapy Adjuvant therapy after surgery External beam RT to the lung with or without hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes External beam RT to the mediastinum
Colorectal cancer	Primary local therapy Colonic resection Total mesorectal excision Peri-colonic lymph node dissection	Adjuvant therapy after surgery Concurrent therapy with radiation Capecitabine, fluorouracil, irinotecan, oxaliplatin	Neoadjuvant therapy before surgery External beam RT to the mesorectum and pelvic lymph nodes
Melanoma	Primary local therapy Wide local excision Lymph node dissection or sentinel lymph node biopsy	Adjuvant therapy after surgery Immunotherapy (interferon alpha-2b)	Adjuvant therapy after surgery External beam RT to the tumor bed and lymph nodes
Bladder cancer	Primary local therapy Radical cystectomy Transurethral resection of tumor Pelvic lymph node dissection	Neoadjuvant therapy before surgery Adjuvant therapy after surgery Concurrent therapy with radiation Cisplatin, gemcitabine, methotrexate, vinblastine	Primary local therapy External beam RT to the bladder and pelvic lymph nodes
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma		Local and systemic control (primary therapy) Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, etoposide, fludarabine, ifosfamide, methotrexate, rituximab, vincristine	Primary local therapy Adjuvant therapy after chemotherapy External beam RT to the tumor and adjacent lymph nodes Radioimmunotherapy (ibritumomab, tositumomab)
Head and neck cancer (oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx)	Primary local therapy Total or partial glossectomy Supraglottic, hemi-, or total laryngectomy Cervical lymph node dissection	Adjuvant therapy after surgery Neoadjuvant therapy before radiation Concurrent therapy with radiation Cetuximab, cisplatin, docetaxel, fluorouracil, methotrexate	Primary local therapy Adjuvant therapy after surgery External beam RT to the head and neck tumor and lymph nodes Brachytherapy to the head and neck tumor
Glioblastoma	Primary local therapy Maximal tumor removal	Concurrent therapy with radiation Temolozomide	Primary local therapy Adjuvant therapy after surgery External beam RT to the tumor or resection cavity
Cervical cancer	Primary local therapy Extrafascial or radical hysterectomy Pelvic lymph node dissection	Concurrent therapy with radiation Cisplatin, fluorouracil	Primary local therapy Adjuvant therapy after surgery External beam RT to the cervix or tumor bed, and pelvic lymph nodes Brachytherapy to the cervix
Anal cancer	Primary local therapy Abdominoperineal resection	Concurrent therapy with radiation Cisplatin, fluorouracil, mitomycin	Primary local therapy External beam RT to the anus, mesorectum, and pelvic and inguinal lymph nodes

^*Where indicated as primary local therapy, radiation as a primary therapy can be given as an organ sparing alternative to surgery.