Table 3.
Multilevel analyses for differences between control group (CG) and intervention group (IG) for secondary outcome measures at 6, 12, and 24 months’ follow-up
| Outcome | 6 months’ follow-up | 12 months’ follow-up | 24 months’ follow-up | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean difference* (95% CI); P value | Mean (SD) | Mean difference* (95% CI); P value | Mean (SD) | Mean difference* (95% CI); P value | ||||||
| CG | IG | CG | IG | CG | IG | ||||||
| MSPP-CP-D (n=310) | 2.10 (1.63) | 1.92 (1.57) | −0.06 (−0.21 to 0.09); 0.71 | 2.10 (1.64) | 1.73 (1.45) | −0.22 (−0.48 to 0.03); 0.09 | 1.94 (1.70) | 1.61 (1.33) | −0.13 (−0.43 to 0.16); 0.38 | ||
| MSPP-CP-F (n=310) | 0.46 (0.40) | 0.40 (0.36) | 0.00 (−0.04 to 0.03); 0.96 | 0.45 (0.40) | 0.35 (0.32) | −0.05 (−0.11 to 0.01); 0.12 | 0.44 (0.45) | 0.33 (0.31) | −0.04 (−0.11 to 0.04); 0.32 | ||
| MSPP-FSP-D (n=310) | 0.69 (0.88) | 0.64 (0.79) | 0.03 (−0.05 to 0.10); 0.73 | 0.73 (0.91) | 0.60 (0.81) | −0.06 (−0.14 to 0.02); 0.43 | 0.71 (0.87) | 0.58 (0.77) | −0.04 (−0.12 to 0.04); 0.57 | ||
| MSPP-FSP-F (n=310) | 0.41 (0.59) | 0.39 (0.55) | 0.03 (−0.02 to 0.08); 0.52 | 0.43 (0.62) | 0.35 (0.51) | −0.03 (−0.08 to 0.01); 0.47 | 0.45 (0.64) | 0.34 (0.51) | −0.05 (−0.11 to 0.00); 0.31 | ||
| HADS-D (n=305) | 5.82 (3.88) | 5.72 (3.49) | −0.11 (−0.80to 0.58); 0.76 | 5.68 (3.92) | 6.36 (4.13) | 0.78 (0.04 to 1.53); 0.04 | 6.10 (3.78) | 5.97 (4.18) | −0.07 (−0.90 to 0.77); 0.87 | ||
| SSL-I12 (n=312) | 26.94 (5.53) | 27.03 (6.36) | 0.18 (−079 to 1.15); 0.71 | 27.27 (6.54) | 27.10 (6.09) | −0.12 (−1.22 to 0.99); 0.84 | 27.35 (6.27) | 26.76 (5.98) | −0.29 (−1.37 to 0.79); 0.60 | ||
| Short FES-I (n=306) | 12.37 (4.90) | 12.66 (5.25) | −0.67 (−1.48 to 0.14); 0.11 | 12.15 (5.24) | 13.42 (5.43) | 0.34 (−0.54 to 1.22); 0.44 | 12.95 (5.29) | 13.73 (5.75) | −0.04 (−1.01 to 0.93); 0.94 | ||
MSPP =Maastricht Social Participation Profile, MSPP-CP-D=MSPP consumpative participation diversity score (range 0-7; higher score indicates more diverse consumptive participation); MSPP-CP-F=MSPP consumptive participation, frequency score (range 0-3; higher score indicates more frequent consumptive participation); MSPP-FSP-D=MSPP formal social participation, diversity score (range 0-7; higher score indicates more diverse formal social participation); MSPP-FSP-F=MSPP formal social participation, frequency score (range 0-3; higher score indicates more frequent formal social participation); HADS-D=Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale—depression subscale (range 0-21, higher score indicates more depressive); SSL-I12=Social Support List—Interaction version (range 12-48; higher score indicates more social support); Short FES-I=Short Falls Efficacy Scale—International (range 7-28; higher score indicates more fear of falling).
*Adjusted for age, sex, education, significant differences at baseline (frailty and disability), and baseline status outcome measure.