Figure 3. Concomitant presence of A. muciniphila and S. Typhimurium results in increased histopathology scores in SIHUMI mice.

(A) Gnotobiotic C3H mice containing 8 defined microbial species (SIHUMI) were subsequently inoculated with A. muciniphila or S. Typhimurium or consecutively with both organisms (see Figure 1). SIHUMI and SIHUMI-A mice had the lowest histopathology scores (≤4.0) with no signs of inflammation and were therefore taken as baseline (dotted line). Data are expressed as median with range. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001. n = 10 mice per group. (B) Representative microscopy images of pathological changes observed in cecum tissue sections fixed with formalin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (4 µm) of the four mouse groups. n = 10 mice per group; Magnification: 1000-fold.