Table 1.
Characteristics of patients who did and did not develop acute kidney injury (AKI) within 7 days after surgery.
| AKI (n=121) | No AKI (n=227) | P-value AKI vs No |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 66±11 | 66±11 | 0.675 |
| Male gender (%) | 91 (75.2) | 173 (76.2) | 0.895 |
| Baseline creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.0±0.4 | 1.1±0.3 | 0.476 |
| Baseline eGFR (ml×min−1×1.73m−2) | 59±21 (53 to 66) | 56±23 (49 to 62) | 0.428 |
| Prior CVA (%) | 10 (8.3) | 20 (8.8) | 0.518 |
| COPD (%) | 11 (9.1) | 25 (11.0) | 0.359 |
| Current smoker (%) | 13 (10.7) | 43 (18.9) | 0.031 |
| PVD (%) | 14 (11.6) | 30 (13.2) | 0.398 |
| Hypertension (%) | 97 (80.2) | 161 (70.9) | 0.101 |
| Diabetes (%) | 52 (43.0) | 69 (30.4) | 0.013 |
| Congestive heart failure (%) | 25 (20.6) | 28 (12.3) | 0.030 |
| Prior myocardial infarction (%) | 37 (30.6) | 54 (23.8) | 0.107 |
| Prior cardiac surgery | 8 (6.6) | 17 (7.5) | 0.474 |
| Aspirin (%) | 91 (75.2) | 151 (66.5) | 0.057 |
| Beta-blockers (%) | 66 (54.5) | 135 (59.5) | 0.214 |
| ACE-I (%) | 119 (98.3) | 223 (98.2) | 0.279 |
| Statins (%) | 80 (66.1) | 141 (62.1) | 0.269 |
| Baseline pulse pressure (mmHg) | 68±20 (64 to 71) | 63±18 (61 to 65) | 0.029 |
| Pulse pressure ≥ 60 mmHg (%) | 84 (69.4) | 128 (56.4) | 0.01 |
| Type of Surgery | |||
| CABG (%) | 79 (65.3) | 138 (60.8) | 0.961 |
| CABG/AVR (%) | 13 (10.7) | 27 (11.9) | |
| CABG/MVR (%) | 3 (2.5) | 6 (2.6) | |
| AVR (%) | 19 (15.7) | 42 (18.5) | |
| MVR (%) | 7 (5.8) | 14 (6.2) | |
| CPB duration (min) | 106±38 (100 to 113) | 108±38 (103 to 113) | 0.787 |
| Cross clamp (min) | 68±25 (66 to 73) | 69±26 (65 to 72) | 0.978 |
| Postoperative atrial fibrillation (%) | 33 (27.2) | 65 (28.6) | 0.520 |
| Stroke (%) | 2 (1.7) | 8 (3.5) | 0.262 |
| Thirty-day mortality (%) | 6 (5.0) | 2 (0.9) | 0.023 |
eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; CVA, cerebral vascular accident; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; ACE-I, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; statins, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; AVR, aortic valve replacement; MVR, mitral valve replacement or repair.