Table 1.

Publications on BA, PBA, VA related to HDAC in human diseases.

Disease/Process	Relevance	BA	PBA	VPA
Anemias	HDAC inhibition stimulates fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production (particularly relevant to sickle cell anemia).	h [5, 8]; r [11]	h [9]	h [6, 10]
Cancer	HDAC inhibitors increase the sensitivity of many types of cancer to traditional chemotherapeutics.	m [12–14]	h [15, 16];	h [17]
immune modulation	HDAC inhibition appears to exhibit anti-inflammatory properties, reducing the activation of the NF-κB cascade and inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines.	m [7, 12]	m [18]	m [19]
neurological/psyc hiatric	HDAC inhibitors have been tested for psychiatric illness treatment; they exhibit neuroprotective properties. HDAC inhibition has reversed symptoms in animal models of Alzheimer’s, ALS, and muscle atrophy. HDAC inhibitors have been shown to reduce the severity of neuropathic pain and they have also been shown to enhance memory and learning in laboratory animals.	m [20] m [21]	h [22, 23]; r [24]; m [25]	m [26]; h[27, 28]
Others	Inflammatory bowel disease (BA), diabetes (PBA), HIV (VPA)	h [29, 30];	h [31];	h [2]

Abbreviations: h (human); r (rat); m (mouse); BA (butyric acid); PBA (phenylbutyric acid); VPA (valproic acid).