. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Crim Justice. 2013 September-October;41(5):318–323. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2013.06.015

Table 2.

Bivariate family model of covariation between teenage childbirth and early adulthood criminality

Outcome	r_total	a_cov²	c_cov²	e_cov²	A(%)	C(%)	E(%)
Criminal conviction ages 20-30 (r_H =0.13^, r_F =0.18^)	0.21^*	0.06	0.14	0.01	31%	67%	2%

Note: A, additive genetic influence; C, shared environmental influence; E, nonshared environmental influence; F, full siblings; H, half siblings. Relative contributions of A, C, and E to total correlation (r_total) represented by a_cov², c_cov², and e_cov². Cross-sibling cross-trait correlations among full and half sibling pairs indicated by r_F and r_H, respectively.

p <0.05.