Table IIa.
Results of network meta-analyses for comparisons with standard care: trials of any-quality
| Intervention (abbreviations in brackets relate to Fig. 1a–d) | No. of trials (No. of patients) | SMD (95% Cr I) | Difference expressed on a WOMAC VAS 0-100 pain scale (95% Cr I)∗ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standard Care (comparator) | – | – | |
| Interferential therapy (INT) | 3 (98) | −1.63 (−2.39 to −0.87) | −26.90 (–39.39 to −14.40) |
| Acupuncture (ACU) | 24 (1219) | −0.89 (–1.18 to −0.59) | −14.69 (–19.52 to −9.80) |
| TENS (TENS) | 12 (285) | −0.65 (–1.06 to −0.25) | −10.77 (–17.50 to −4.05) |
| PES (PES) | 6 (180) | −0.65 (–1.19 to −0.10) | −10.65 (–19.59 to −1.66) |
| Balneotherapy (BAL) | 9 (275) | −0.60 (–1.04 to −0.15) | −9.87 (–17.15 to −2.48) |
| Aerobic exercise (AE EX) | 11 (428) | −0.55 (–0.89 to −0.21) | −9.02 (–14.68 to −3.51) |
| Tai Chi (TAI) | 4 (159) | −0.51 (–1.03 to 0.01) | −8.39 (–16.98 to 0.13) |
| Static magnets (MAG) | 2 (41) | −0.50 (–1.34 to 0.33) | −8.27 (–22.08 to 5.43) |
| Sham Acupuncture (SH ACU) | 14 (892) | −0.47 (–0.84 to −0.09) | −7.76 (–13.89 to −1.52) |
| Manual therapy (MAN) | 4 (166) | −0.44 (–0.96 to 0.09) | −7.21 (–15.90 to 1.49) |
| Muscle-strengthening exercise (MU EX) | 28 (1254) | −0.40 (–0.61 to −0.19) | −6.54 (–9.99 to −3.11) |
| Ice/cooling treatment (ICE) | 3 (51) | −0.35 (–1.03 to 0.33) | −5.81 (–16.94 to 5.44) |
| Heat treatment (HEA) | 5 (123) | −0.31 (–0.86 to 0.24) | −5.14 (–14.20 to 3.98) |
| Laser therapy (LAS) | 5 (155) | −0.27 (−0.86 to 0.32) | −4.53 (–14.19 to 5.20) |
| Weight loss (WEI) | 5 (436) | −0.26 (−0.67 to 0.15) | −4.25 (–10.97 to 2.43) |
| PEMF (PEMF) | 5 (238) | −0.15 (−0.71 to 0.42) | −2.43 (–11.76 to 6.90) |
| Placebo (PLA) | 42 (1077) | −0.07 (−0.42 to 0.29) | −1.15 (–6.98 to 4.70) |
| Braces (BRA) | 1 (12) | 0.00 (−1.39 to 1.39) | 0.07 (–22.84 to 22.94) |
| Insoles (INS) | 3 (197) | 0.10 (−0.65 to 0.85) | 1.64 (–10.71 to 13.97) |
| NMES (NMES) | 2 (28) | 0.22 (−0.62 to 1.05) | 3.58 (–10.26 to 17.33) |
| No intervention (NO INT) | 5 (87) | 0.44 (−0.15 to 1.04) | 7.25 (–2.51 to 17.12) |
| Data points: 131 Residual deviance: 152 Between-study standard deviation: 0.45 (95% CI: 0.36–0.55) | |||
∗
see Table IId footnote.