Table 2.

Operative data for laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery n (%)

Parameters	Statistics
Operation time (min)	113 ± 36
Conversion to open surgery	0 (0)
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)	36 ± 18
Postoperative complications
Gastric fullness	0 (0)
Anastomotic leakage	0 (0)
Anastomotic stenosis	1 (1.0)
Anastomotic bleeding	1 (1.0)
Postoperative hospital stay (d)	4.5 ± 2.1
Time for nasal-gastric tube placement (d)	1.9 ± 0.5
Time until bowel function recovery (d)	2.9 ± 0.9

Data are presented as mean ± SD.