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A depiction of the Ayus–Arieff syndrome. Hyponatremia produces cytotoxic cerebral edema, which in turn leads to a neurogenic pulmonary edema. Pulmonary edema leads to hypoxia, which impairs brain cell volume regulation resulting in a vicious cycle of worsening cerebral edema and pulmonary edema. This syndrome can be reversed by the prompt administration of 3% NaCl.
