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. 2013 Aug 26;2013:590569. doi: 10.1155/2013/590569

Table 1.

Characteristics of study subjects.

Total Continuously lean Previous obesity Current obesity P value
Age 59.3 ± 10.6 61.1 ± 9.4 60.4 ± 10.0 56.7 ± 11.6 <0.01
Sex (male/female) 2038/889 486/243 870/345 682/301 ns
BMI 24.0 ± 4.0 20.5 ± 2.1 22.6 ± 1.7 28.3 ± 3.2 <0.01
Max. BMI 27.7 ± 4.3 23.0 ± 1.7 27.5 ± 2.3 31.4 ± 4.1 <0.01
Disease duration (years) 10.4 ± 28.0 10.4 ± 8.4 12.2 ± 42.2 8.2 ± 7.8 <0.01
SBP (mmHg) 132 ± 18 131 ± 17 132 ± 18 133 ± 18 ns
DBP (mmHg) 75 ± 11 74 ± 11 75 ± 11 75 ± 10 ns
FPG (mmol/L) 9.9 ± 4.0 9.5 ± 4.0 9.9 ± 4.1 10.2 ± 3.9 ns
HbA1c (%) 9.3 ± 2.8 9.1 ± 2.7 9.5 ± 3.4 9.3 ± 2.0 <0.05
TC (mmol/L) 5.3 ± 1.2 5.3 ± 1.0 5.2 ± 1.0 5.5 ± 1.6 <0.01
HDL (mmol/L) 1.3 ± 0.5 1.5 ± 0.5 1.3 ± 0.4 1.2 ± 0.3 <0.01
TG (mmol/L) 1.6 ± 1.4 1.4 ± 0.2 1.5 ± 1.1 1.9 ± 1.6 <0.01
Cr (mmol/L) 66.3 ± 19.4 64.5 ± 16.8 66.3 ± 19.4 68.9 ± 20.3 <0.01
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) 81.8 ± 28.8 81.4 ± 20.5 83.1 ± 31.1 80.6 ± 31.0 ns
Retinopathy
(none/simple/proliferative)
2111/505/311 558/116/55 824/225/166 729/164/90 <0.01

Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± SD. Differences in baseline characteristics among the obesity categories were analyzed by ANOVA and chi-squared test. The numbers of each stage of diabetic retinopathy are noted on the row of retinopathy. SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, FPG: fasting blood glucose, TC: total cholesterol, HDL: HDL cholesterol, TG: triglyceride, ns: not significant.