Table 1.

PHLPP levels in cancer and normal tissue.

Sample Type	PHLPP expression	Detection	Reference
Human Cancer
Breast	PHLPP1 mRNA is 2.0 fold lower in invasive ductal breast carcinoma	Array	[74]
Breast	PHLPP1 mRNA is 2.3 fold lower in ductal breast carcinoma	Array	[75]
CLL	PHLPP1 mRNA is 12.4 fold lower in CLL	Array	[76]
CLL	PHLPP1 mRNA is 5.5 fold lower in CLL	Array	[77]
CLL with 13q14 deletion	PHLPP1 mRNA is absent in >50% of cases with 13q14 deletion	qPCR	[78]
Colon	PHLPP2 mRNA is 5 fold lower in colon cancer	Array	[79]
Colon	PHLPP2 mRNA is 6.1-fold lower in rectal adenoma	Array	[79]
Colon	PHLPP2 mRNA is 3.5-3.9 fold lower in several types of colon adenoma	Array	[80]
Colon	PHLPP2 mRNA is 2 fold lower in colorectal adenoma	Array	[81]
Colon	PHLPP1 and PHLPP2 protein expressions are lost or reduced in 78 and 86% of tumour tissue samples, respectively	IHC	[22]
Oesophageal	PHLPP1 mRNA is 5.0 fold lower in oesophageal adenocarcinoma	Array	[82]
Oesophageal	PHLPP2 mRNA is 3.8 fold lower in oesophageal adenocarcinoma	Array	[82]
GBM	PHLPP1 mRNA is 2.1 fold lower in GBM	Array	[83]
Liver, Pancreas, Stomach	PHLPP1 protein expression is significantly decreased in liver, pancreas, and stomach tumour samples	IHC	[32]
Mantle Cell Lymphoma	PHLPP1 mRNA is 4.3 fold lower in mantle cell lymphoma	Array	[76]
Melanoma	PHLPP2 mRNA is 2.3 fold lower in benign melanocytic skin novus	Array	[84]
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma	Low PHLPP1 but not PHLPP2 protein expression is negatively correlated with survival	IHC	[25]
Prostate	PHLPP1 mRNA is significantly reduced in high Gleason Score tumours	qPCR	[47]
Prostate	PHLPP1 and PHLPP2 mRNAs are absent in 30% and 50% of prostate tumours, respectively	Array	[26]
Prostate	PHLPP1 protein expression is 4 fold lower in PTEN-null, AR-null prostate cancer compared to benign lesions	IHC	[60]
Normal tissue
Various rat tissues	PHLPP1β protein is expressed in testis, hypothalamus, hippocampus, cortex, olfactory bulb, and cerebellum	WB	[1]
Various human tissues	PHLPP1 mRNA is strongly expressed in brain, heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, liver, small intestine, placenta, lung	Northern blot	[23]
Mouse T cells	PHLPP1 and 2 mRNAs are increased by 7 and two fold, respectively, in Tregs compared to Tconv	RT-PCR	[35]
Mouse hippocampus	PHLPP1 and 2 protein levels are 30-50% lower in CA1 compared to CA3	WB	[12]
Rat SCN	PHLPP1β mRNA is higher at clock time 0 than clock time 12	RT-PCR	[1]
Mouse striatum	PHLPP1 protein levels are ∼50% lower in mouse models of Huntington's disease	WB	[34]
Human putamen	PHLPP1 protein levels are ∼80% lower in Huntington's patients	WB	[34]
Rat liver	PHLPP2 mRNA levels are 23.4 fold higher in rats given lanthanum nitrate	Array	[85]
Human skeletal muscle	PHLPP1 protein is increased ∼two fold in obese versus non-obese subjects	WB	[21]
Human white adipose tissue	PHLPP1 protein is increased ∼two fold in obese versus non-obese subjects	WB	[21]