TABLE 3.

CaD adherence at AV2 (1 Year Post-CaD Randomization), Initial Change Model

Effect	Logistic regression model of CaD first-year adherence > 80%
	p	Odds ratio	95% Confidence limits
Sociodemographic variables
Age group
50–55 vs. 70–79	< .001	0.82	0.73–0.92
55–60 vs. 70–79	.438	0.96	0.87–1.06
60–65 vs. 70–79	.309	1.05	0.95–1.16
65–70 vs. 70–79	.021	1.12	1.02–1.24
Race or ethnicity
African American vs. white	< .001	0.62	0.55–0.70
Hispanic vs. white	.052	0.84	0.71–1.00
Others or unknown vs. white	.091	0.86	0.72–1.03
College or higher vs. high school or less	.084	1.06	0.99–1.12
Had medical insurance
Yes vs. no	.019	1.18	1.03–1.35
Married or with partner vs. divorced, separated, widowed, or single	< .001	1.12	1.06–1.20
Prior history of CVD
Yes vs. no	.349	0.96	0.89–1.04
Prior history of cancer
Yes vs. no	.495	1.05	0.91–1.21
Diabetes
Yes vs. no	.019	1.17	1.03–1.33
High risk (≥ 4) of osteoporosis
Yes vs. no	.652	0.98	0.92–1.06
Family history of breast cancer or colorectal cancer or MI
Yes vs. no	.298	1.03	0.97–1.10
Shortened CES-D/DIS ≥ .06
Yes vs. no	.013	0.88	0.80–0.97
Had > 3 life events
Yes vs. no	.162	0.95	0.89–1.02
Emotion expressiveness > 3
Yes vs. no	.031	0.88	0.79–0.99
Optimism ≥ 19
Yes vs. no	.825	1.01	0.91–1.13
Hostility ≥ 8
Yes vs. no	.521	0.97	0.88–1.07
On any special diet at baseline
Yes vs. no	.976	1.00	0.94–1.06
Total expenditure from physical act ≥ 11
Yes vs. no	.024	1.07	1.01–1.14
Current smoker vs. never or former smoker
Yes vs. no	< .001	0.77	0.69–0.86
Current drinker vs. past or nondrinker
Yes vs. no	.06	0.94	0.88–1.00
Take any supplement at AV1
Yes vs. no	< .001	1.24	1.16–1.33
Taking any medication at AV1
Yes vs. no	.231	1.05	0.97–1.13
Take calcium supplement at AV1
Yes vs. no	< .001	1.17	1.08–1.27
Psychosocial variables
Social support ≥ 25
Yes vs. no	.81	0.99	0.89–1.10
Social strain ≥ 5
Yes vs. no	.617	0.98	0.92–1.05
Caregiving burden
Yes vs. no	.552	1.02	0.96–1.08
Treatment factors
Total number of GI symptoms at baseline
1 vs. none	.003	0.89	0.82–0.96
2 vs. none	< .001	0.78	0.72–0.85
3 vs. none	< .001	0.76	0.68–0.84
Had 4-week contact
Yes vs. no	< .001	1.37	1.27–1.48
Contact type 6 months after CaD randomization
Visit vs. phone or mail	< .001	2.09	1.92–2.27
CaD 1st-year pill type
Chew vs. swallow	< .001	0.72	0.67–0.77
Mix vs. swallow	< .001	0.49	0.45–0.53
1st-year DM adherence
Adherent in DM vs. not in DM	.004	1.17	1.05–1.31
Not adherent in DM vs. not in DM	.707	1.02	0.93–1.11
1st-year HT adherence
< 80% vs. not in HT	.06	0.87	0.75–1.01
≥ 80% vs. not in HT	< .001	1.66	1.53–1.81
Change clinic from CaD randomization to CaD1
Yes vs. no	.17	0.69	0.40–1.18

Note. Max-rescaled R² = 0.11; AV1 = annual visit 1; C statistics = 0.670; Hosmer-Lemeshow goodnessof-fit test p = .3118. BMI = body mass index; CED-D/DIS = Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; CaD = calcium and vitamin D clinical trial; CVD = cardiovascular disease; DM = dietary modification; HT = hormone treatment.